Investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water – Plan

I am planning an experiment to investigate how PH affects the ability of raw meat to absorb water. * Independent Variable The independent variable for this experiment is the PH of the solution the steak is marinated in. I will achieve a range of different PH values by using buffers set at PH 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. I predict that there will be an optimum PH where the steak will absorb the most water. The amount of water absorbed by the raw meat will increase as you increase the PH up to the optimum and then decrease the PH as the PH increases past the optimum. * Dependent Variable The dependent variable for this experiment is the amount of water absorbed by the diced steak by process of osmosis. I will record this by recording the mass before and the mass after marination. From these results I can calculate the percentage change in mass so that I can compare the different results with each other. I will calculate the percentage change by : Change x 100 Original * Controlled Variables The main control variables for this experiment are : Each of the 5 buffer solutions should have the same volume of 50ml and the same concentration. If one beaker had more than another then there would be more solution to act on the meat therefore tenderising it more. This could alter the end percentage change in mass. The mass of the diced steak before marination needs to be controlled. A larger mass could potentially absorb and store more water. I will try to get as similar masses as possible to avoid any differences in weight. Instead of calculating the difference in mass, I will calculate percentage change in mass to account for any small differences in mass. Also a constant surface area of the diced steak is important, otherwise there would be a larger area for the solution to act on causing more tenderisation therefore altering the overall results. The temperature at which the meat is marinated at would need to remain constant. At a higher temperature, molecules are moving faster therefore osmosis is more likely to occur. The experiment will be conducted at room temperature, although a more scientific method would be the use of an incubator. I will conduct the experiment in the same place so that each test is experiencing the same temperature changes. The time allowed for marination, each steak should be in the buffer solution for 12 hours all getting the same length of time otherwise a longer time could provide an opportunity for more water to be absorbed. Drying of the steak pieces, dab twice on each side. If some are dabbed more than the other it would alter the end percentage change in mass. * Method ? Divide the diced steak into five equally sized piles. ? Using electronic scales weigh each pile to make the masses as similar as possible. Record the masses. ? Add 50ml of buffer solution PH1 to a beaker and repeat the process for the other buffer solutions. ? Put one set of diced steak into each beaker. ? Leave the 5 beakers for 12hours allowing the raw meat to marinate. ? Remove the dices from the solution and pat dry before weighing. ? Record the mass of each pile and calculate the percentage change in mass by using formula : Change x 100 Original ? Repeat the experiment 3 times to ensure an accurate set of results. ? Plot a graph of PH against percentage change in mass.

Age of Chaucer

Romaunt of the Rose: It’s a lengthy allegorical poem written in octosyllabic couplets and based upon Le Romaunt de la Rose of Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung. According to critics, not the entire poem, but the first part of it may be written by Chaucer. In this dream poem the narrator enters the Garden of Mirth, where he sees various allegorized figures and falls in love with a rosebud. Part A and B describe the instructions of the god of love to the dreamer. Part C is a fragment and satirizes the hypocrisy of religion, woman and the social order. (French Group) The Book of the Duchesse: It’s probably Chaucer’s earliest poem and is written in 1369. It’s a dream poem in thirteen hundred thirty four lines in octosyllabic couplets. It is believed to be an allegorical lament on the death of Blanche of Lancaster, the first wife of John of Gaunt, who died in 1369. (French Group) The poet falls asleep while reading the story of Ceix and Alcyone and in his dream he follows a hunting party. He meets a night in Black He meets a night in Black who played a game of chess with Fortuna and lost his queen. In answer of the dreamer’s question the knight declares that his beloved is dead now. The hunting party reappears and a bell strikes twelve. The poet awakes and decides that the dream was so wonderful that it should be set into rhyme. In the French group there are also three poems: The Compleynt unto Pite, An A. B. C. and The Compleynt of Mars. Anelida and Arcite: An incomplete poem by Chaucer. The poem tells the story of faithless Arcite to Queen Anelida. The first 270 lines are written in rhyme royal and 140 lines in varying metrical patterns. (Italian Group) The Parlement of Fouls: It’s a dream poem by Chaucer in 699 lines of rhyme royal. It has been thought to be a poem in celebration of a marriage, perhaps the marriage of the young Richard II and Anne of Bohemia in 1382. The poem is the first reference to the idea that St. Valentine’s Day was a special day for the lovers. The poet falls asleep after a prologue in which he makes the Boethian lament that he has not what he wants and he has what he does not want. He then has a vision of a garden in which three eagles pay attention to a beautiful ‘formel’ (female). Then there follows a long dispute about love and courtship. The dispute centers on the opposition between the courtly love approach of the noble eagles and pragmatism of the duck. The debate is unresolved and the birds agree to assemble a year later to decide. (Italian Group) Troilus and Criseyde: Chaucer’s longest complete poem in 8239 lines of rhyme royal, probably written in the second half of 1380s. Chaucer takes his story from Boccaccio’s Il Filostrato. In the story Troilus falls in love with Criseyde, a widow whose father Calchas leaves Troy and joins the Greeks. The first three books tell us how Troilus with the help of Pandarus, Criseyde’s uncle, finally charms her. In the fourth book, she has to go to the Greek camp because of the political reason and she promises to come back at the tenth day but she does not. Troilus writes to her but gets only evasive answers. Finally at his battle with Diamede he finds in Diamede’s hand a brooch which he had given to her. Ultimately he dies at the hand of Achilles. (Italian Group) The House of Fame: An unfinished by Chaucer in 2158 lines of octosyllabic couplets. After the prologue on dreams and an invocation on god of Sleep in Book I the poet dreams of the temple of Venus where on the walls he reads the depicted story of Dido and Aeneas. He then comes out and sees a golden eagle shining in the sky. It is from the same family of Dante’s eagle in the ninth book of Purgatorio. In Book II, the bird seizes him and carries him to the House of Fame and tells him during the journey that in the House of Fame he will learn about love affairs and hypocrisies of man. In Book III he watches in House of Fame the candidates approach the throne for fame, some being granted and others rejected. The poem owes much to Dante’s Divine Comedy. Dante’s poem is also a dream poem and divided into three books. And Dante in Divine Comedy is guided by Virgil. (Italian Group) The Legend of a Good Woman: It is possibly the first significant work in English to use the iambic pentameter or decasyllabic couplets which he later used throughout the Canterbury Tales. The poet falls asleep and sees in his dream that Cupid appears before him followed by twenty lady martyrs for love. Cupid accuses him for writing only about faithless female characters like Criseyde and as a penance instructs him to write about faithful women, beginning with Cleopatra. But in the poem Chaucer only finished eight stories and the ninth is left unfinished. Some of the good characters are – Cleopatra, Dido, Thisbe, Medea and Lucrece. (Italian Group) Canterbury Tales (English Group) The Lak of Stedfastnesse (English Group) Compleynte of Chaucer to his Empty Purse (English Group) * There are two prose tales in Canterbury Tales: Tale of Melibeus and The Person’s Tale. William Langland| The Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman: An allegorical narrative poem written in unrhymed alliterative verse, divided into sections called passus (Latin for step). The poem concerns the narrator’s intense quest for true Christian life, from the perspective of true Christian life, from the perspective of mediaeval Catholicism. The quest includes a series of dream visions and an examination into the three allegorical characters: Dowel (Do-Well), Dobet (Do-Better) and Dobest (Do-Best). A man named Will falls asleep and has a vision of a tower upon a hill and a fortress in a deep valley. Between these symbols of heaven and hell is a field full of folk, representing the world of mankind. In the early part of the poem Piers, the humble plowman, appears and offers himself as the narrator’s guide to truth. The latter part of the poem is concerned with the narrator’s quest for the Dowel, Dobet and Dobest. This poem appears in many manuscripts in three forms – A, B, C text. The A text is 2500 lines long, the B is more than 7200 lines and C is based upon B and 7300 lines long. The latest theory is that A text is written by Langland; B and C are composed by some poorer poets. John Gower| Speculam Meditantis: It’s his first poem, written in French and for a long time was lost, being discovered in 1895. The poem is about 3200 lines of octosyllabic in twelve lines stanzas, concerned about a fallen man, his virtues and vices. Vox Clamantis: The meaning of Vox Clamantis is ‘The Voice of One Crying Out’. It is a Latin poetry in 10265 lines of elegiac couplets that recounts the events and tragedy of the 1381 Peasant’s Rising. The poem takes aim at the corruption of the society and laments the rise of the evil. Gower takes completely aristocratic side in this poem and thinks the peasant’s claim as invalid and their actions are anti-Christ. Confessio Amantis: It is over 33. 000 lines long and containing 141 stories in octosyllabic couplets. According to the prologue it was composed at the request of Richard II. The epilogue dedicates the work to Richard II and to Chaucer. None of the tales are original. The source he relies most is on Ovid whose Metamorphoses was ever a popular source of example. Others include Bible and other classical and mediaeval writers. The framework of the poem is the confession of a lover. The confessor helps to examine the lover’s conscience and tells him the stories of behaviour and fortune in love, organised under the heading of seven deadly sins. There are eight books – one for the each of the sins and one (Book VII) which gives an encyclopedic account of philosophy and morals. John Barbour| Bruce: Barbour is the first Scottish poet to catch reader’s attention. His great work is Bruce (1375), a lengthy poem of twenty books. The book is really a history of Scotland’s struggle for freedom from the year 1286 till the death of Bruce. The central incident of the book is battle of Bannockburn. Sir John Mandeville| Travels: It is originally written in French. In English it has a preface in which it is stated that the author was Sir John Mandeville, a knight, crossed the sea in 1322 and travelled in many strange regions. Much of the personal narrative is invention. Nowadays the very existence of Sir John is denied. The real author of this book is said to be Jehan de Bourgogne. John Wycliffe| * Many Latin books in support of his revolutionary opinions. * Tracts and pamphlets in English * An English translation of the Bible. Wycliffe was a teacher in the Oxford University. He attacked the pope and bishops, pointing at them their fine palaces, their likings for ceremony and the extent of their power. He said Christ’s life and preaching were more important than the Church itself. True Christianity was a gathering of believers who had no need of bishops, abbots, priors or any of the pope’s officials. Then this brave man attacked other Catholic beliefs, particularly the one which says the bread and the wine served at Mass changes into the body and blood of Christ. The Church had taught this belief for centuries and refusal to accept it was called a heresy. Wycliffe spread his message by writing some of his book in English, the common men’s language, instead of Latin, the language of the Church. His followers were called Lollards, because of the low and quite way they said their prayers. Some of the Lollards went into the countryside to preach Wycliffe’s message to the common people. Wycliffe told others to translate the Bible into English. Many people became Lollards, and therefore heretics. The punishment for heresy became death. Under a new law, heretics could be taken to a public place for burning. There they were tied to a post and given an opportunity to declare their belief to be false. If they refused to do this, a fire stick was lit around them and they burned. Still the Lollards increased in numbers and joined the other discontented people in the countryside. Sir Thomas Malory| Morte d’Arthur: It was originally written in eight books. William Caxton published it in twenty one books in 1485. It is a compilation of all the Arthurian legends – the birth of Arthur, the twelve large battles fought by him against the Angles and Saxons, his marriage with Guinevere, his court Camelot and his Round table meeting with his knights, the adventures of Gawain, Gaheris, Tristram and Sir Launcelot (most well-known knight), Story of Sir Galahad (son of Launcelot and purest of all the knights) who led a search for a cup called Holy Grail, and the adulterous relationship between Launcelot and Guinevere.

Assignment from readings

8-17 Fairfax Recreation Center (Internal Controls at a Fitness Center) The Fairfax Recreation Center is a neighborhood fitness center equipped with an indoor swimming pool, exercise equipment, and a running track. The Center is open seven days a week, from 8:00 A. M. to 10:00 P. M. Stationed just inside the front doors is a turnstile. An employee oversees access through the turnstile. Before anyone can enter the facility, they must either present their membership card or pay a $6 daily fee. When the employee at the turnstile collects cash for daily fees, he or she also has the visitor complete a waiver form. The employee then deposits the cash in a locked box and files the forms. At the end of each day the Recreation Center accountant collects the cash box, opens it, removes the cash, and counts it. The accountant then gives a receipt for the cash amount to the employee on turnstile duty. The accountant takes the cash to the bank each evening. The next morning, the accountant makes an entry in the cash receipts journal for the amount indicated on the bank deposit slip. Susan Porcano, the Fairfax Recreation Center General Manager, has some concerns about the internal controls over cash. However, she is concerned that the cost of additional controls may outweigh the benefits. She decides to ask the organization’s outside auditor to review the internal control procedures and to make suggestions for improvement. Assume that you are the outside auditor. Indicate weaknesses in the existing internal control system over cash admission fees and recommend one improvement for each of the weaknesses you identified. Organize your answers as follows: 9-15. Identify one or more control procedures (either general or application controls, or both) that would guard against each of the following errors or problems. a. Leslie Thomas, a secretary at the university, indicated that she had worked 40 hours on her regular time card. The university paid her for 400 hours worked that week. Apply a separation of duties control. The data processor will input the hours worked and that can be verified by the accounting manager for accuracy. Another control that can be added to this is to establish a limit in the AIS for total hours worked so that no value above that number can be inputted. This will detract from more hours worked being inputted in the first place. b. The aging analysis indicated that the Grab and Run Electronics Company account was so far in arrears that the credit manager decided to cut off any further credit sales to the company until it cleared up its account. Yet, the following week, the manager noted that three new sales had been made to that company—all on credit. Utilization of administrative controls would work in this instance. When designing the IS, there should be the ability to note an account for lack of payment and temporarily suspend the account until necessary action is taken. c. The Small Company employed Mr. Fineus Eyeshade to perform all its accounts receivable data processing. Mr. Eyeshade’s 25 years with the company and his unassuming appearance helped him conceal the fact that he was embezzling cash collections from accounts receivable to cover his gambling losses at the race track. The duel observation control and separation of duties would work here. Have two people document the receivables as they come in and have Mr. , Eyeshades reconcile the accounts based off of that. d. The Blue Mountain Utility Company was having difficulty with its customer payments. The payment amounts were entered directly into a terminal, and the transaction file thus created was used to update the customer master file. Among the problems encountered with this system were the application of customer payments to the wrong accounts and the creation of multiple customer master file records for the same account. The AIS should incorporate an unfound record test and also a check digit control procedure. This will ensure that the account number being entered is correct and that no other file has been produced. e. The Landsford brothers had lived in Center County all their lives. Ben worked for the local mill in the accounts payable department, and Tom owned the local hardware store. The sheriff couldn’t believe that the brothers had created several dummy companies that sold fictitious merchandise to the mill. Ben had the mill pay for this merchandise in its usual fashion, and he wrote off the missing goods as ‘‘damaged inventory. ’’ Ben does not appear to be a manager, so there should be a separation of duties with in the accounts payable department. The documents should be prepared by Ben, but should also be verified by a manger. There should also be internal audits that would bring to light any redundancies on approving officials or names within the organization. 9-16. Identify one or more control procedures (either general or application controls, or both) that would guard against each of the following errors or problems. a. A bank deposit transaction was accidentally coded with a withdrawal code. Feedback mechanism in the form of a receipt will identify this incident. The use of an edit test would check for b. The key-entry operator keyed in the purchase order number as a nine-digit number instead of an eight-digit number. AIS should have a check for the number of digits in that field. If the field is only 8 digits then it should be formatted not allow for anything more or less. c. The date of a customer payment was keyed 2001 instead of 2010. A feedback mechanism such as a payment slip/receipt would be used to verify the information. Also, a reasonable test would be appropriate to ensure that the date is not past a certain value. d. A company employee was issued a check in the amount of ? $135. 65 because he had not worked a certain week, but most of his payroll deductions were automatic each week. An edit test of sign†¦. meaning ensuring that the value was a positive number†¦. rejecting a negative value in the payroll system. e. A patient filled out her medical insurance number as 123465 instead of 123456. Edit test of reasonableness†¦the insurance number field would have to fall within a valid range of values to be accepted. f. An applicant for the company stock option plan filled out her employee number as 84-7634-21. The first two digits are a department code. There is no department 84. Unfound record test would work for this. If the master file is not found for department 84 then the master file would reject the transaction. g. A high school student was able to log onto the telephone company’s computer as soon as he learned what telephone number to call. The use of biometrics wouldn’t allow the student just to know a phone number and be able to log onto computers h. The accounts receivable department sent 87 checks to the computer center for processing. No one realized that one check was dropped along the way and that the computer therefore processed only 86 checks. A batch control document with a list of all the checks that need to be processed is appropriate. On the document will also contain a total dollar amount of all the checks.

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Environmental effects of oil spills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental effects of oil spills - Essay Example ics (1997), an oil spill is â€Å"oil, discharged accidentally or intentionally, that floats on the surface of water bodies as a discrete mass and is carried by the wind, currents and tides. Oil spills can be partially controlled by chemical dispersion, combustion, mechanical containment and absorption. They have destructive effects on coastal ecosystems† (par. 1). The ecological crisis brought about by oil spills displaces a global equilibrium pattern based on the dwindling supply of marine resources. As an environmentally ethical dilemma, oil spills need to be closely evaluated and addressed to take drastic actions to restore balance and prevent further damage to the marine ecosystem. According to Oracle ThinkQuest, oil spills are actually classified into two groups: accidental and from operations (n.d., par. 1). Accidental oil spills are generally caused by collusions, fires and explosions, hull failures, and groundings (ibid.). On the other hand, oil spills from operations â€Å"occur when ships are carrying out routine operations at ports or oil terminals, but the majority of such spills are small, with 93% of them producing a spillage of less than 7 tonnes† (Oracle, n.d., par. 3). As indicated, two specific activities are encompassed within the scope of oil spills from operations, to wit: â€Å"loading/discharging: commonest cause of oil spillages (either during routine operations or resulting from accidents), with 3070 occurring between 1974-1999; and bunkering: the least common operational oil loss with only 566 occurring between 1974-1999† (ibid.). Whatever the causes are, the fact remains that the oil spilled in bodies of water pose dangers to marine life and to the environment. The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF) is â€Å"a not-for-profit organization established on behalf of the worlds ship owners to promote an effective response to marine spills of oil, chemicals and other hazardous substances† (ITOPF: About, 2010, par.

Parental Decisions Impact Childhood Obesity Essay Example for Free

Parental Decisions Impact Childhood Obesity Essay Society, in general, has drastically changed over the past century. Growth and expansion have paved the way for new technological advances, but not with some downfalls to go along with it. One such downfall of new technology would be the â€Å"convenience factor† (convenient stores for junk food, convenient to watch television, play video games, watch a movie, talk or text on a cellular phone as opposed to physical exercise, convenient for parents to stop by fast food as opposed to healthy meals). Lack of parental controls in these areas in conjunction with the â€Å"convenience factor† has lead to childhood obesity. This is an increasingly growing disease and will continue to be so if society does not stop being so convenient. The American Society today has become â€Å"obesogenic’, characterized by environments that promote increased food intake, unhealthy foods, and physical inactivity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). People (children and adults) spend more time in front of televisions or computers and less time exercising. We drive a car everywhere we go as opposed to walking or riding a bicycle. Children play more video games instead of playing hide and seek, which requires them to run around, being active and getting exercise. We lead busier lives so time does not allow for spending it in the kitchen preparing healthy meals. Parents live such hectic lifestyles which often lead to dining or getting take out at a fast food restaurant, making them guilty of contributing to childhood obesity. Children with obese parents are likely to follow in their parents footsteps and become obese themselves. Overweight and obesity result from an energy deficiency. This incorporates taking in too much food (too many calories) and lack of exercise; thus defining obesity. The imbalance between calories consumed and calories used can result from the influences and interactions of a number of factors, including genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Studies indicate that certain genetic characteristics may increase an individuals susceptibility to excess body weight. However, this genetic susceptibility may need to exist in conjunction with contributing environmental and behavioral factors (such as a high-calorie food supply and minimal physical activity) to have a significant effect on weight. Genetic factors alone can play a role in specific cases of obesity. The genetic characteristics of the human population have not changed in the last three decades, but the prevalence of obesity has tripled among school-aged children during that time. Because the factors that contribute to childhood obesity interact with each other, it is not possible to specify one behavior as the cause of obesity. Behaviors include energy intake, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Home, child care, school, and community environments can influence childrens behaviors related to food intake and physical activity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). Parents in the workplace often lead demanding, hectic lifestyles that have a direct reflection on home life activities. Activities, such as eating habits for their children, are a casualty of their fast-paced environment. Such lifestyles lead to quick unhealthy meals, such as stopping at a fast-food establishment and consuming a high caloric meal. These types of meals are historically unhealthy with no nutritional value. Nutritional items, such as fruits and vegetables, are limited at these types of establishments. Healthy, home cooked meals are not the â€Å"normal† routine for parents to provide their children of this era. Time does not allow for parents to prepare healthy, home cooked meals. â€Å"The evidence is compelling that the obesity epidemic is largely caused by people’s eating unhealthy food and consuming bigger portion sizes. These unhealthy behaviors are not just a matter of poor decisions individuals make; rather, the environment in which people live determines behavioral choice† (Isaacs Swarts, 2010). Parents’ workplace habits can directly affect their children’s daily eating routines. Children are relying on parents to provide them with healthy meals. There are many things parents can do to assist children in developing healthy eating habits. Offering fruits and vegetables, dairy products or whole grain items as nutritious snacks, as opposed to allowing them to submerge themselves in chips or sugar filled snacks, is a viable alternative to an unhealthy diet. The obesity rate for children would decrease if parents would make time to plan a healthy weekly menu. By doing so, parents are ensuring that their children get the daily recommended amount of fruits and vegetables in their diet, thus making for a healthier child. Parents should lead by example. Children need to see parents eating different things, to encourage the child to want to try new food items. â€Å"Children and adolescents are dependent on their parents for both economically and emotionally during much of this period of rapid growth† (Davies Fitzgerald, 2008, pg. 25). One of the best ways to decrease obesity in children is to increase physical activity levels throughout the entire family. Parents, at home or at the workplace, are faced daily with busy schedules, long hours and time management issues (i. e. nsuring all required daily activities, such as household responsibilities, errands are completed). These tasks are direct contributors for the lack of time set aside for physical activity with their children. Also, parents’ daily work schedules do not allow much, if any, time to incorporate a daily physical exercise routine for their children, let alone to monitor such activities. Parents should act as role models by setting examples for their children, such as allowing their children to see them exercise and being active themselves. By â€Å"leading by example†, this should encourage children to emulate them. According to the American Heart Association and the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (Payne, 2010), children should get at least 20 minutes of regular vigorous exercise that makes them sweat and breathe hard. With the apparent lack of physical activity, parents need to create an environment that is conducive to building a daily regime of physical activities that slowly grow over time. â€Å"Minutes spent playing kickball with friends during recess count toward the hour-long daily goal, as does climbing trees in the backyard after school. It doesnt have to be all at once,’ says Nancy Brown, CEO of the AHA. ‘Kids should be doing things appropriate for their age, so that [exercise] becomes a behavior and a natural part of what they do’† (Payne, 2010). Providing just small increments of daily activity that is geared towards the child’s age category can foster a lifetime of behavioral changes that could prevent the onset of obesity at a later age. Another factor in the saga of fighting childhood obesity is the issue of safety and having a safe environment in which to add physical activity. Advocate for well-maintained, safe sidewalks and bike paths in your neighborhood, and volunteer to supervise the use of school facilities after hours. Children are more likely to want to play outside—and youll feel more comfortable with them doing it—if its safe, so attend neighborhood association or city council meetings to request proper upkeep of nearby sidewalks and paths. Also, consider gyms and tracks at local schools as options for physical activity after hours and on weekends. Often, schools are willing to make gyms and equipment available on the weekends but simply need parents to volunteer to supervise, Brown says† (Payne, 2010). This avenue of taking facilities that already exist and adding in a safety factor so that they may be used more often could reach into a vast majority of neighborhoods and schools that are currently excluding physical education programs. This seemingly mundane action by a few sets of determined parents could catch on and create new and exciting ways in which physical activities could be introduced to children. In today’s day and age of electronics, technological advances in this area continue to rise at record numbers. Features and upgrades to many electronic devices are geared toward a more convenient, user friendly target market. Such markets, unfortunately from a health perspective, are focused on our children. Convenient and satisfying methods of entertainment, such as television, movies, video games, talking/texting on cellular phones, computers, etc. far outweigh pure physical activity and exercise. Parents’ lack of control in these areas, as opposed to physical exercise, is a factor in childhood obesity. Children would rather be sedentary playing electronic games on a television, cellular phone or computer, as opposed to playing games requiring physical exercise, such as hide and seek or kickball . â€Å"The media may shape childrens food choices and caloric intake, including exposing children to persuasive messages about food, cuing them to eat, and depressing satiety cues of eating while viewing. According to estimates by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), children between 2 and 11 years are exposed to 25,600 advertisements per year, of which 5,500 (or 15 per day) are for food or beverages. A 2009 content analysis of foods advertised during childrens television programming revealed that most foods marketed to children are high in salt, sugar, and fat and low in nutritional value, and that healthy food are virtually invisible† (Jordan, 2010). This barrage of brain-altering subliminal messaging towards newly forming minds lends credence to how other areas of technology are creating pathways to enter impressionable youths. We live in a world that is technology driven in which new devices are created frequently to make life more convenient. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that television viewing by children older than two years be limited to two hours per day or less avoided altogether for children younger than two years. Surveys of United States parents found that most families do not adhere to these recommendations† (Jordan, 2010). These families that provide this amount of television viewing for their children use it as a virtual nanny to keep the child entertained and distracted throughout the day. In today’s health conscious society, there are many reasonable alternatives to just keeping a child zoned out in front of various electronic devices. One such alternative that is catching on with many families is the Nintendo Wii. â€Å"The AHA and Nintendo recently teamed up to promote the use of the Wii Fit to help Americans meet recommended physical activity guidelines. The goal of the partnership is to teach people how so-called ‘active-play’ video games encourage regular exercise. If youre having a tough time getting your child to play outside, consider buying a video game that requires the child to get moving, Brown suggests† (Payne, 2010). The use of this new video game device has provided many families with not only an opportunity to exercise, but to also interact as a family unit. Interacting together provides an environment that can create future positive habits that might help in the obesity battle. Following recent studies on childhood obesity, it has been found that â€Å"In the United States, childhood obesity is on the rise; the percentage of obese children aged 6 to 11 more than doubled in the past two decades, while the percentage of obese adolescents aged 12 to 19 more than tripled, during the same period as well† (Li Hooker, 2010). Medical contributors to childhood obesity, such as genetics and/or heredity, are considered uncontrollable and unchangeable to the health and well-being of a child. The imbalance between calories consumed and calories used can result from the influences and interactions of a number of factors, including genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Studies indicate that certain genetic characteristics may increase an individuals susceptibility to excess body weight. However, this genetic susceptibility may need to exist in conjunction with contributing environmental and behavioral factors (such as a high-calorie food supply and minimal physical activity) to have a significant effect on weight. Genetic factors alone can play a role in specific cases of obesity† (CDC, 2009). Battling all these convenience issues will prove to be a lengthy social problem to be solved, but for the sake of future generations of children that will probably be the first to not outlive their parents, it is one that should have the highest priority. Parents establishing controls over guidelines set forth and constant monitoring of such to decrease childhood obesity is not a â€Å"sprint†, but more comparable to a â€Å"marathon†. This requires lifestyle changes both for the parent and the child. Constant monitoring on the parent’s part, along with both parent and child â€Å"staying the course† now will produce dividends for the future of a healthy America. We are all creatures of habit. In the end, the goal should always be for these changes to become second nature. We live in a society driven by a constant; change. Growth and expansion will continue to generate new technological advances, with downfalls associated. One such downfall, the â€Å"convenience factor† (convenient stores for junk food, convenient to watch television, play video games, watch a movie, talk or text on a cellular phone as opposed to physical exercise, convenient for parents to stop by fast food as opposed to healthy meals) will have a direct correlation between parental decisions and the health of children for future generations. Lack of parental controls in these areas in conjunction with the â€Å"convenience factor† will produce childhood obesity cases at record numbers. This increasingly growing disease will continue to be so if society does not stop being so convenient.

Customers Switching Behavior Essay Example for Free

Customers Switching Behavior Essay Relationships and individuals bank switching behavior Abstract We examine the role of relationships between individuals and their banks in determining bank switching behavior. Using data from a survey questionnaire from a random sample of bank customers in the United States, we find that the variables measuring the various dimensions of a relationship significantly lower an individuals propensity to switch banks. These include the duration of an individuals relationship with her bank, whether or not she has had problems with her bank in the past, and aspects of the quality of the service relationship. An innovation of the current paper lies in incorporating finance/economic aspects of relationship with the various dimensions of service quality relationship collectively as determinants of an individuals propensity to switch banks. The attributes capturing whether or not an individual feels that her bank is responsive, is empathetic and is reliable to her needs, are all significantly negatively correlated with her propensity to switch banks. Our results demonstrate just how relationships may help in limiting bank switching behavior and deliver a strong message to banks about the importance of relationships in retaining loyal customers. Our findings also underscore the interconnectedness of seemingly disparate disciplines to better understand the behavior and decision making of individuals and their banks. Author Keywords: Bank switching; Relationships

Strategic Options for Organisations

Strategic Options for Organisations Part A Identify a strategic option for an organisation. Develop at least three proposed organisational goals for the strategic plan in consultation with: Stakeholders. Stakeholders refer to individuals and groups that have interest in the organisation and/or its products or services. Stakeholders may include but are not limited to – customers, suppliers, owners, shareholders, lenders, managers, employees, employee organisations, local community, competitors, and regulatory bodies. In line with stakeholder needs, and With reference to any existing strategic plan. Organisation: Linguis International Institute Auckland (A) To implement Biometric system for the year 1/2014-2015 to check it in initial 2 months with respect to machine working. It is used for security of information and check/authentificaton of information and utilizing thumb print and saving it to get complete profile about the student. (B)To implement Model system of learning for next 2 years (online) and to be check in initial 6 months whether arrangement is on suitable way or not (C) Using the Biometric system – this can be used for regular attendance to be kept up for a academic year and dependability of time (maintained) from 9 am to 4pm from Wednesday to Friday up to September of 2013. And the percentage of attendance should not be low than 75 percent. 2. Identify at least three strategic options through results of an environmental analysis that are consistent with the organisation’s purpose, direction and values . Environmental analysis of three strategic options through swot analysis that are predictable with organisation, purpose ,directions and values: (S)trengths Wi-Fi and computer facility is provided. Lingui’s international institute is authorised by NZQA The college finds issues of scholars and they will the help the students by giving plans . (W)eaknesses The Wi-Fi speed is very slow because there are many student use the internet at the same time. Condition of chairs and tables are not good. The surface of liguis international institute is limited in comparison with other colleges. (O)pportunities There should be a debate on topics of business management at the end of the classes. Lingui’s international institute should also start a new college in capital on New Zealand. The linguis college ought to keep separate exam and interview to students to give admission by video call interview. (T)hreats Here the scholars are high in number for each level of class so there ought to be just constrained in number and it ought to be 10 to 12. The hygienic kitchen is not kept up every time as a result of that any sorts of flus or viral diseases we can get. 3.Determine the feasibility of strategic options in terms of the ability to meet the three proposed organisational goals (Q1). You must select the two most feasible options from Q1 with consultation with at least two stakeholders. (a) Model system of learning through online in consultation with stake holder lee Model system means we live n era of advanced computer technology. Learning is supported by data and technological correspondence. Each student must be mindful of e learning that is not restricted to obtaining of IT fitness yet is utilized within much reason through software, web, and seeking through different sites. The student when he goes to the school he must be given a login id in regards to web learning where student ought to login into that so he can get every information in that login school website. Usage of this system might benefit from structural approach, actualizing time to time and student could be assessed. (B) Attendance and promptness of time through records in conference with lee- If the learner needs to take leave he ought to inform the school by doing telephone call to principal or keeping E-mail to teacher. If student wont go to the school normally or in nonattendance the administration can make disciplinary move by charging punishment some amount of dollars for starting warning and second warning incorporates they can any disciplinary movement by rusticating and withdrawn of admission. The immigration of nz is having a complete profile of scholar and learner should to keep up normal attendance and he ought not do work more than 20 according to immigration rules during coming to school. (c) Biometric system in discussions with stake holder need harry randhawa- Here biometric system refers to a machine which is used for control ,verification and storage of data. The biometric system is valuable for institution where if scholar comes late to the school the machine wont accept the attendance. it is composed in such a way, to the point that according to school timings and the machine programming and programmer ought to be planned and introduced according to school timings and guidelines. The attendance must be kept up through biometric system where students thumb impression is taken by the machine day by day morning, evening and in the departure from the school evening time. The two most feasible options are for further analysis in consultation with at least two stakeholders in terms of: Costs Benefits Risks. The feasibility of options in ability to meet proposed organisation for further analysis with two stake holders; Costs The online system of learning , it is doable expense for installation and to purchase that software it likewise obliges cost. In different foundations and in different nations they follow model learing .this might be affordable by administration and where it is of less cost and not time taking process so that lecturer and scholar supporter can save his time. The biometric system expense is less for every machine .Its establishment charges are likewise less and the linguis like organization can afford ,because only one machine is needed for a class and executive requires one machine . Benefits The profits of online system is that model learing includes where time saving by instructor and learner ,supporter and administrator where one can enhance his learning and correspondence with online learning. The biometric system benefits includes machine assesses, the checks and confirm the attendance of a scholar and likewise complete profile of student information is saved and time management criteria. Risks: The risk includes is therewith the online system of learning and biometric system where biometric system is a machine costly enough if a person breaks the machine or does any mischievous thing the machine gets harmed and information wont be saved .so cameras in class must be kept to avoid the circumstances. Also online system the information might be hacked by hackers and presenting of virus in that software, to anticipate it antivirus software needed. 4. Select and justify the preferred strategic option identified in Q3 in terms of its ability to meet each of the following: Organisational purpose Organisation direction, and Organisational values. Organisational purpose (a )The organisational purpose primary thing to give the quality of training to international students from everywhere throughout the world who come. (b) The reason for them is the place profession begins and learning this is the principle point of Linguis. Organisation direction (a) To present worldwide learners the New Zealand culture. (b) To give introduction program for the new students in better way. (C) The principle Moto is to direct debates and classes and oral presentation. Organisational values (a) To give close relationship among distinctive religious and culture. (b) The association value is that where carrier and learning begins. (C) To give scholars expert and environment in which to teach and learn. PART B Produce a strategic plan for the implementation of at least one strategic option for an organisation. The strategic plan may be a documented plan or a statement of strategic intent supported by a range of plans. 1. Your plan must include the following necessary actions required to implement the preferred strategic option determined Part A: Resources, Critical outcomes, Timescales and milestones Contingency planning (PC 2.1) Biometric system is a machine it is advanced equipment used by institutions to concentrate on the scholars attendance and time and organizations normal information record , all records saving by using of finger print. Resources The linguis institute is one of the best institute in competition with different colleges which has been sanction by newzealand qualitative authority .In this competitive world the linguis institute needed to implement particular resources to achieve heights in business regarding education. Here to implement the biometric system, To bring this kind of system in institute first Auckland management institution group to hold a meeting and to take a decision about implement this system. At that point they have to speak with managing director to implement this system. The resources required are to speak company agent regarding need 4 machines so to order them and to get it for reasonable price as opposed to real prize. Then to speak with the company manager regarding installation procedure and to be done according to linguis requirements like attendance, time and data saving for 2 years plan. Critical outcomes Critical outcomes are nothing yet a change is required. So institution dependably needs to check like 6 months to verify and to have assessment, estimation about instiution result in every segment and to correct and to come up with new plans and to implement this is itself a change. here institution needs a bio metric machine where it is automatic so no need of running with manual work or separate staff to care for the learners attendance, entry of students to the college and saving of administration documents in regards to day by day work plan each with that of machine simply to use technology is best key alternative and can have correct results. So linguis organization ought to be diverse when compared with other colleges. Timescales and milestones Time scale is the timeline for my bio metric system, a machine to actualize the strategic options for the year 2015 and for 2 years up to 2017 a to be installed in such a way, to the point that while for every college timings and 9 to 5 from Monday to Saturday and attendance plan of software for 2 years work 2017.for like 6 month to bring the machine company individual and to check the working of it and saved information in machine transferring to the floppys and cd writer. Milestones The launch of this system can help in time saving, it is the main miles stone for linguis organization and manual work can be diminished. The biometric use can help in developing threat of identifying theft and making services more advantageous for students, staff and coach by perfect output of the results Today most of the industries and companies are also using this technology. Contingency planning The contingency planning for my biometric framework if my plan fail that mean if a machines gets harmed and can repaired by bringing fittings expert. Like that if records get ruined or virus is there and can bring over to original position by utilizing antivirus of software. so back up plan is ready with the software professional. 2. Your strategic plan must be documented and authorised according to organisational requirements. The strategic plan is that Linguis organization was created in 1996 in Christchurch .Initially foundation runned with 13 students and now at present in 2013 300 scholars are there. Furthermore in Auckland began in year 2012 .The both institute reaction is of managing director and principal they are mike and mae Dawson. The managing director and principal casually meet stake holders especially every 6 months ,business advisory meetings will be held for every 6 month and new Zealand qualitative authority from that one member goes to the occasion meeting to check and confirm with respect to the strategy plan and how they are executing the plans and whether they are keeping up the standard or not. In meetings the advisory committee come up with strategies in meetings and simply to take the plans in meetings and advices into attention . Always for huge investment and for giant kind of projects, long strategic plan is needed in business and to get the exact output. 3.Strategic plan is communicated to stakeholders in a manner that encourages understanding, commitment and enthusiasm. Stake holders of an organization include: The director of studies (lee kammerer) marketing manager (harry randhawa) Faculty of teaching staff (john cook) Students

The Effects of Society in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway Essay

Society is a constant changing idea, whether that change be from region to region or a period of time. People move through it without thinking what they really are doing. Often they do not realize how much pressure society places on one’s being. It is the basis of how a person forms their opinions, beliefs, and morals. The structure of behavior rests in the society one is raised in. People’s acceptance of one another and a desire to conform create a world where people are struggling to fit in. Virginia Woolf sees this. Woolf views society as a center for conflict for the characters in her novel. They struggle with the internal dilemma of whether they should be who they want to be or what everyone else wants them to be. In the novel Mrs. Dalloway, Virginia Woolf uses stream of consciousness to demonstrate the pressures and effects of society on different characters in the 1920’s. Using both Clarissa Dalloway and Septimus Smith, Woolf reveals how two different realms of society, the upper class and the middle class, can place very similar pressures and produce very similar effects on the people who dwell within each. Presented as a dynamic character, Septimus Smith is shown as a once idealistic poet who crosses over into a world where his thoughts focus solely on the injustices of humanity. This is evident when Woolf describes him saying, â€Å"It was a case of complete breakdown- complete physical and nervous breakdown, with every symptom in an advanced stage.† (Woolf 144) War, in this novel, is shown as the life-altering element of Septimus’s life. This is because of a combination of the lost of his friend Evans and Septimus’s inability to mourn that loss. Evans was Septimus’s closest friend, and his death is al... ...ly for the main characters of the novel but for anyone who allows it to be. Sources Cited Blackstone, Bernard. Virginia Woolf: A Commentary. London: Hogarth Press, 1949. (An older but excellent essay.) Daiches, David. Virginia Woolf. New York: New Directions, 1963. Hafley,James. Glass Roof: Virginia Woolf as Novelist University of California Press, 1954 Hoff, Molly. Woolf's Mrs Dalloway. The Explicator; June 22, 2002. Web. 28 Aug. 2015. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00144940109597097 Jensen, Emily. "Clarissa Dalloway's Respectable Suicide." Virginia Woolf: A Feminist Slant. Ed. Jane Marcus. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1983. Kane, Julie. Varieties of Mystical Experience in the Writings of Virginia Woolf. Twentieth Century Literature Vol 41 Iss 4 1995. Woolf, Virginia. Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.

Use of Leisure Time Essay -- Working Ecology Vacations Essays

Use of Leisure Time Most people would agree that Americans are workaholics. Sixty- and seventy-hour workweeks are nearly the norm in this society. College students carry eighteen credit hours plus a part-time job. Therefore, what people choose to do with their precious free time says a lot about them. Knowing the relative amount of time that they spend with their friends or family, shopping, or sitting at home with the TV is a good indication of the entire state of the culture. Even the types of public places people go for recreation are signs of what is important to them. I have my own theory of what people mostly do with their free time. My theory is similar to what Ray Oldenburg said in The Problem of Place in America. Oldenburg bemoans the loss of public places where people go to socialize. He said, and I agreed, that people mostly live in their houses and never go out. When they do go out, they mostly shop. When they are home, they socialize with those who are home with them: their family (Oldenburg, 1989). Oldenburg focused on suburbs, but I believed that it would also apply to people who lived in other places as well. I devised a small 5-question survey, which I hoped would summarize people’s behavior on this topic. My survey asked the following questions. (1) What percent of your leisure time do you spend at home? (2) What percent of your leisure time do you spend shopping (not for necessities)? (3) Is there a public place you can go where you are likely to run into someone you know? (4) What percent of your leisure time do you spend socializing with people outside your family? (5) How old are you. For questions 1, 2, and 4 the possible answers were 100 percent, 75 percent, 50 perc... ... people to see that they and their neighbors are not really so cut off from everyone. If most people are like Mr. Oldenburg, and me then they believe that our society is in a sad state of affairs -- that they are selfish and self-serving and have no interest in socializing with our neighbors. This study, though limited, seems to prove otherwise. I had set out to show the true nature of how people tend to use their leisure time, and I found it. It was not what I intended to show, but I am not disappointed. If anything, there seems to be a renewed sense of humanity and community among the people who responded to the survey, and how could anyone be disappointed in that? References Oldenburg, R. (1989). A forest of voices: Conversations in ecology. In C. Anderson & L. runciman (Eds.), The problem of place in America (pp. 94-109). Mountain View: Mayfield.

John Stuart Mill :: essays research papers

John Stuart Mill 1806-1873 John had a teleological view of ethics. He is also known as the 1st advocate for women. Lived during the time of the Industrial Revolution. Born to a rich man, he was the youngest, Mr. Mill retired after having John and deticated his life to making John a genius. Mr. Mill home educated John all his life in hopes to create a genius. Not once in Johns life at home was he able to leave the compound of his fathers home. John had to educate his older brothers and sisters. At the age of 14 Johns standard or intellect was very high. At 14 he was given the summer off and went to Paris with his cousins. By the age of 15 Mr. Mill was inviting leading scholars in mathematics, literature, science†¦and want John to prove to them that he knew more in that subject than they did. The amazing thing is that he know more about those subject than the scholars. At 21 he was a genius but had a breakdown. He was sent to a rest home where no drugs where administered. It was merely a place for him to rest and relax. He was a very left brained person with all the factual knowledge he had and this place allowed him to explore the right side†¦.poems, literature†¦Mr. Mills disowned John because he want a genius and geniuses don’t go crazy. When John gets out he is perfectly fine, still and genius and sane at the same time. When John gets out he gets a job with the East India Company. With all the knowledge John had he never taught. He worked all his life and did philosophy for fun on the side. John was never mad at his father for what he did to him, instead he was mad at his mother for allowing Mr. Mill mistreat John. Strangely enough John becomes the first advocate for women. By 23 or 24 John meets a woman by the name of Harriet Taylor. She is known as the wild woman of Europe and also a radical. Harriet was married to a rich man whom she had total control over. Harriet was known to frequent the men’s clubs alone where she would drink and smoke. When she meets John she falls in love and for about 20 years they would see each other while she was still married.

Dunlap V. Tennessee Valley Authority

1. What were the legal issues in this case? The U. S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit was to determine if the plaintiff, David Dunlap Dunlap, had met the burden of proof that the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) was liable under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by intentionally discriminating against him under both disparate impact and disparate treatment analyses and whether the TVA appeal to the District Court erred in each of these analyses could be legally supported to reverse their decision FindLaw, 2011). David Dunlap brought suit under Title VII, alleging racial discrimination by the TVA. The district court found that Dunlap had been subjected to discrimination under both disparate treatment and disparate impact analyses, concluding that TVA’s subjective hiring processes permitted racial bias against both Dunlap and other black applicants (Walsh, 2010). The Appeals Court affirmed the disparate treatment claim, reversed the disparate impact claim, and affirmed the district court’s award of damages and fees to Mr. Dunlap (Walsh, 2010). 2. Explain why the plaintiff’s disparate (adverse) impact claim failed. The disparate impact theory requires a plaintiff to demonstrate that an apparently neutral employment practice affects one group more harshly than another and that the practice is not justified by business necessity. Under this theory, proof of discriminatory intent is not required. Although the district court concluded that TVA’s interview process had been manipulated to exclude African-American candidates in general, the court of appeals disagreed, citing the lack of statistical proof demonstrating that a protected group was adversely affected thus establishing a â€Å"prima facie† case. Mr. Dunlap couldn’t prove his claim by only challenging the process used in his own interview, thus the ruling was that the district court clearly erred in finding a prima facie case of disparate impact (FindLaw, 2011). 3. Explain why the plaintiff’s disparate treatment claim succeeded. The disparate treatment doctrine requires a plaintiff to demonstrate that an employer has treated some people less favorably than others because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Three provisions required to prove disparate treatment are (1) the plaintiff must establish a prima facie case of racial discrimination; (2) the employer must articula te some legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its actions, and (3) the plaintiff must prove that the stated reason was in fact pretextual. Proof of discriminatory motive is critical and may be inferred from the mere fact of differences in treatment. Proof may also be inferred from the falsity of the employer’s explanation for the treatment, (Walsh, 2010). Mr. Dunlap successfully established a prima facie case of disparate treatment by meeting the above 3 provisions; (1) he was African-American; (2) he was qualified for the position sought; and (3) white applicants with less experience were hired for 9 of the 10 open jobs. TVA attempted to rebut his claim by offering the selection matrix used during his interview as evidence to prove that he didn’t rank as one of the top 10 applicants due to his interview scores. However, Mr. Dunlap was able to refute TVA’s claim by demonstrating that his matrix score was manipulated to keep him out of top 10, thus proving it was merely a ‘pretext’ way for TVA to hide discriminatory intent. Both courts noted that the increased weight given to the interview created a more subjective process and the lack of an objective evaluation of the interview questions allowed the alteration of scores to produce a racially biased result. Also, there was proof that some of the score sheets were changed as many as 70 times without evidence of any legitimate reason to support the revisions. The court of appeals concurred with the district court that due to the above irregularities, the hiring matrix score used by TVA for not hiring Mr. Dunlap was â€Å"unreliable† and that discrimination motivated the hiring committee’s decision-making. (FindLaw, 2010). 4. What should the TVA have done differently with regard to interviewing and selecting candidates for these jobs? The following reflect several provisions the TVA should have done with regard to interviewing and selecting candidates for the 10 jobs. First, TVA should have done everything within its power to ensure the selec tion committee didn’t consist of racist representatives which is a bad reflection on the company. TVA needed to ensure these people are very aware and adhere to the company’s hiring and discrimination policies. Second, these representatives should be very familiar with and adhere to TVA’s â€Å"Principles and Practices† on filling vacant positions, mandate that â€Å"merit and efficiency form the basis for selection of job candidates,† stating that â€Å"education, training, experience, ability, and previous work performance serve as a basis for appraisal of merit and efficiency† (Walsh, 2010). The committee should also have adhered to the Cumberland plant HR Director’s e-mail that explicitly stated that interviewers should not award points for being a â€Å"diversity candidate† and â€Å"it is really important up front before your interviews start to have a definition of what ‘Outstanding,’ ‘Well-Qualified,’ and ‘Qualified’ is. This needs to be documented and dated before the interview process starts† (Walsh, 2010). The district court found the interviewers placed candidates in these categories after the interviews and ranking had been completed. In turn, this ensured the number of â€Å"Outstanding† applicants equaled the ‘exact’ number of job openings and their candidates of choice were in the top 10 group. As a result, TVA should ensure a legitimate matrix is developed for scoring purposes and not be manipulated for preferred results. Finally, TVA should screen their HR representatives very carefully prior to hiring; provide initial ethics and discrimination training and on an ongoing basis to ensure current laws are followed.ReferencesFindLaw (2011). US court of appeals sixth circuit. Retrieved fromhttp://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-6th-circuit/1092121.htmlUnited States Court of Appeals (March 21, 2008). Appeal from the United States District Court for the middle district of tennessee at nashville. No. 04-00045. Retrieved from http://www.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/08a0121p-06.pdf Walsh, D. J. (2010). Employment law for human resource practice: 2010 custom edition (3rd ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning   Dunlap v. Tennessee Valley Authority The Title VII of the Civil Rights Act protects individuals against employment discrimination on the bases of color, as well as national origin, sex, religion. This law applies to any employers with 15 or more employees including the local state, government, employment agencies, labor organizations and federal government jobs. David Dunlap a fifty-two black male who worked as a boil maker for twenty years has perform numerous of jobs for Tennessee Valley Authority and decided to interview for one of the ten position that TVA had available at the Cumberland facility.The district court found that Dunlap was subject to discrimination under both disparate impact and disparate treatment theories. After analyzing both the disparate impact and the disparate treatment the disparate impact claim had failed due to the lack of evidence that Dunlap could provide to support his case, but he had enough evidence from the interview process to prove that the disparate treatment theory would help him t o win his case against Tennessee Valley Authority. Explain why the plaintiff’s disparate (adverse) impact claim fail?â€Å"The disparate impact theory requires a plaintiff to demonstrate that a facially neutral employment practice falls more harshly on one group than another and practice is not justified by business necessity. † With this â€Å"claim the plaintiffs most identify a specific employment practice to be challenged also through relevant statistical analysis proves that the challenged practice has an adverse on the protected group. † With the decision to hire only a certain amount of people to join the Tennessee Valley Authority Dunlap figured that he had a great chance of being a candidate due to the years that he have invested with the company.â€Å"Dunlap did not present evidence that the practice can show that a protected group was adversely impacted. † Since he could not prove his claim by challenging the process used in his own interview t he courts decided that the disparate impact claim would not be enough sufficient evidence to use against Tennessee Valley Authority. Explain why the plaintiff’s disparate treatment claim succeed? Dunlap succeeded with disparate treatment because he had efficient evidence (examples) to show the district court. The examples that he shared showed how he was treated within the interview process.Within the disparate treatment claim the plaintiff must be able to, â€Å"establish a prima facie case of racial discrimination; (2) the employer must articulate some legitimate, nondiscrimatory reason for its actions; and (3) the plaintiff must prove that the stated reason was in fact pretextual. † One of the examples that were used was that Dunlap received a 3. 7 for reporting missing some days off, but two other candidates received a 4. 2 and 5. 5 when they shouldn’t have received a better score than him. They also gave Dunlap a 4 on his safety record, even though he had a perfect score.Two of the candidates had two accidents in eleven years and they both received higher scores than Dunlap. He also talked about how he ranked 14 and they were split into three groups outstanding, qualified and well- qualified. The ten candidates were all chosen to have one of the positions. There were also emails to support some of the evidence Dunlap had. I think being able to prove the three requirements was why the plaintiff was successful. He was able to us examples that really supported him; the emails also helped him to be successful.The emails showed proof of discrimination amongst all candidates. What should the TVA have done differently with regard to interviewing and selecting candidates for these jobs? Due to this company being one of the hardest companies to get employed with, the Human Resource team should have first met up with each other to come up with characteristics that they would want each candidate to display to help the company be more of an asset our society. Secondly, I think that the Tennessee Valley Authority should have really sat down and analyze each candidate that was applying for the ten positions.With this company only have a select ten positions available the hiring managers should have been very specific with the candidates that should be chosen. They should have compared and contrasts the advantages and disadvantages of each candidate upon calling them to set up an interview. They should have taken some time to look at each application to cross out the ones that did not meet the characteristic that were initially brought about. Race should not have ever been a factor and seeking candidates to fill all ten open positions.Regardless of anyone’s race the job still has to be completed. Everyone should have been given a fair chance for any position available. They could have also given everyone a trial period to let their performance speak for itself. I think that each candidate should have been given a fair o pportunity to be rewarded with a job with Tennessee Valley Authority. So many companies try to use and abuse you as long as you will let them; Dunlap felt that he had an equal chance to get hired on with this company in which he had been working as temp for a long period of time.In conclusion, I really enjoyed reading the Dunlap vs. Tennessee Valley Authority legal case. This case shows me that sometimes the things that you want may not be the things that you really want to deal with. It also display the courageous to stand up for what is right. Although Dunlap knew that he had a great chance of being hired through Tennessee Valley Authority when he did not receive the position he knew that something had to be wrong. We as people do not think that your race plays a major part in receiving a job and although it is not right sometimes it does.Dunlap did a great job sharing the examples of the things that happen to him during the interview selection process. Even though the things that went on throughout the interview process were not right, he was able to show them that they were wrong. I am glad that he did not get discourage about pursuing the issue of being discriminated against. No matter what kind of case it may be the plaintiffs always have the burden of proof, which means it is up to the plaintiff to prove their case. Dunlap did just that!

Technology and Management Functions

The mixedly changing blood line environment has c altogethered upon strengthened models of proficient outfit which dole out the m solely competencies with which memorial t undefendablets thrive on. Gener eachy, the competitive advantage of the redbrick brass has exclusively been possible stake to the emanation in the technical outgrowth which has consequently swear outed to streamline the center organisational functions with their goals and objectives. Princip every last(predicate)y, applied science has been of richness in adjust the onus perplexity functions towards a resting propose of amentaceous layout which gives such an physical composition fitted stepping stones towards which they screwing explore the proactive wrinkle opportunities in spite of appearance the exceedingly competitive origin environment.My brass instrument has indeed rested upon slopped technological proximities as a ray for organizational governance based on adequacy in approa ch of the skunkonic core way functions. This is to imply that, engineering has been used as a ripe source of organizational competency with which my confederacy leverages on, providing it with a long immutable outcome for competitive advantage. The technological component in spite of appearance my organization therefore has been a commingle of mixed technological outfits which have been exposit as inherent in the upstart short letter world in providing functionality, outlines design, focus and mathematical operational ability for the variant activities and handlees deep down the organization.Technological has not only been inherent way out to the use and employment of machines and cocksuckers, unless excessively the use of intangible technologies and transition that help to submit a continuous co-ordination of the sidereal day to day organizational activities deep down the organization as hearty as with the immaterial stakeholders of the company (Dibrell, Craig, 2008). Various strategical and managerial issues have thus germinaten from the same technological development. This has been leveled from the fact that technological development within the organization appropriate shadowdid movement with which the focus can spearhead sundry(a) managerial process aimed at fortify the core management functions as surface as opposite strategic ideologies that arise as a result of development in applied science.Conceptu exclusivelyy, engine room has continued to diarrhea wide-eyed range of importance in our organization, bringing into a close realisation the core management functions with the expected strategic models of the company. Just to mention, the four management functions which are organizing, controlling, planning and stellar(a), have any been receptive to divers(a)(a) technological implications. Adequacy in the functionality of the four has been provided by the interactive phenomenon mingled with each and at leas t a specific technological component, which help in training dissemination and coordination across either the organizational components.An primary(prenominal)(prenominal) facet of engineering within my organization has been that of breeding engine room, with which classically wide array of converse mannequin across the dissimilar organizational components has been necessitated (Lee, Tseng, 2009). breeding and investment in business technology within my organization, that runs from simple mobile telecommunicate technology, to otherwise randomness exchange and core payoff technological tools has been perhaps the twist block of our current state of competence in the business environment that uses diverse operational advantages to address its re signals within its approach. curriculum technology has been the corner stone with which my organization continues to embrace a widely categorise competitive advantage from its operational rest classified with various advantag es. Of importance as well as has been the investment in digital technology with which the organization uses to channel most of its activities and process by dint of. The step towards management in business technology has thus helped my organization in unifying management and growth in technology towards a center leg of optimal decision making and attack to build a long lasting spirit of the entrepreneurial motive.The quest for technology within my organization has rested on multiple of provisions which include software dodge program development, solution in communicating net be disposeding, countenance in reckoner hardware, technical support systems and the diverse development in the cultivable technology of the organization. Reliance in cipher and other computer related technological components have helped in giving a motive of strong reliance with which my organization can achieve its broad amentiferous mission.By and large, technology has by far helped to address t he organizational directs not only by providing an arms length with which the various management functions can continuously integrate with each other, exclusively in any effect from the managerial vista of comparative advantages it provides to the organization. Just to mention, advancement and investment in technology has provided various statutory benefits and implications for the organization.One, technology has been the basic tool with which my organization can undertake its processes and activities in a debased and speedy manner. This has in any case been doubled with high type and bill in output thus brush the organizational objectives of competitive advantages (Dibrell, Craig, 2008). The use of computer and other technological devices for organizational production has been helpful in providing grounds with which activities can be done in fast and speedy manner. Deliveries and consignments have been able to be provided within their prescribed time frames. engine room has also been a cornerstone for which efficiency can be increased in all organizational undertakings. Efficiency in this perspective has been an importance hallmark with which logistic models that provide competitive advantage for the organization can be deepend. My organization has thus been able to change and answer instantaneously to various business demands and expectations which foster optimal executions of their activities. bend to selective informational technology for example, data can be stored in various formats which can be explored in a fast and efficient manner to bring about the need for corporate efficiency.Of importance also is the need for multi-tasking with which my organization has been able to embrace adequately subject to the investment in various technological provisions. For, example, the use of computer and other computer related tools has enabled various persons at variant levels of managerial components to perform different tasks at the same time. M ulti-tasking within my organization has been one of the important attributes which help to provide optimal resource functionality.Additionally, technology within my organization has been perhaps the most important sediments and a path towards which toll rationale can be internalized. The use of a wide frame pass water of technology some(prenominal) in the computing, information technology and the productive process has been important in safeguarding the cost intercept of the organization (Lee, Tseng, 2009). Both information technology management and business process management have leveraged their axes on the importance of technology as a quest with which the organization can meet its productive layout without much difficult.Summarily therefore, business technology within my organization has thus been used as the core tool for improving conference as well as maximise the efficiency component within the work rest home. The company has continuously used morphologic components of information technology as the main tool with which it can achieve classically various advantages in its productive framework. It has seldom been able to align its strategic goals and objectives with its various managerial functions. A realized kind has been achieved in the midst of the four levels of management subject to the use of technology as the core model with which it can address its wide array of its activities.ReferenceDibrell, C. & Craig, J. (2008). Fueling Innovation through Information Technology in SMEs ledger of Small Business Management, Vol.46, pp.67-79Lee, Y. & Tseng, H. (2009). Exploring the Relationship surrounded by Information technology Adoption and Business Process Reengineering Journal of Management and Organization, Vol.15, pp.1-18Technology and management functionsIntroductionAny infirmary, whether public or private, requires a clear and comprehensive system of management that will enhance the fibre of all organizational initiatives. As with any oth er type of organization, a hospital mustiness be able to handle tactical and strategic issues, and to guarantee smooth operation and continuity of all business processes. At the age of technological advancement, technology determines the prize, speed, and cost- force of organizational decision-making. That is why the development and implementation of co-ordinated IT frameworks is the mark to a smash quality of all planning, organizing, directional, and controlling processes that take place within a highly mixed clinical environment.PlanningPlanning is unending course of deed (Buzzle, 2008). The hospital I used to work at was trying to enhance the quality of all planning processes by use an Executive Integrated System (EIS), where budgeting tasks were fairly combined with other key management functions. The hospital had successfully launched an effective software system, to provide managers with objective pecuniary information and to eliminate wasteful paper-based operat ions.The system do it possible to track and manage checkup exam exam exam exam order supplies, to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of all medical services, and to address spend management issues. richly machine-controlled reports contained brief critical information with regard to costs and productivity indices for a given period of time. The previous information system had failed to deliver information in a usable form really often, the needed information had been delivered too late. The fresh launched EIS was efficient in a wiz that it provided real time information and maintained compromising approaches to planning (Keegan & Baldwin, 1992). Any changes in financial or strategic management data were immediately reflected and delivered to the hospitals management, with the last mentioned being able to timely respond to the emerging issues.OrganizingObjectively, management must devise all its resources well before in hand to put into practice the course of action to decid e that has been planned in the base function (Buzzle, 2008). In hospital, organizing is in all likelihood the most complex and the most answerable management mission, which requires utilise a well-developed system of software solutions and maintaining reasonable combination of electronic and manual organizing procedures. The use of wireless intercourse systems has become the critical factor leading the hospital to total care quality standards.The introduction of bar coding for all medication items, the use of laptop computers at the bedside, and a new march on paging system were aimed at providing employees with a correct understanding of their responsibilities and tasks. However, despite the visible effectiveness of all these organizing solutions, hospitals force out were largely unprepared to using advanced technologies in the workplace, and only with time, all ecesis and business organization processes have been jibe to serve the needs of patients. By using the new wire less system of communication, the hospitals management has in the long run achieved the five major goals of the organizing process, including the effective division of labor, supply positioning, reasonable departmentalization, delegation, and equalizing the power.DirectingAlthough organizing is the most responsible of all management functions, it loses its relevance, if organizations cannot direct and motivate their employees. Our hospital had initially been trying to change the traditional vision of health care management, and to fasten the directing function of management more than technological. It should be noted, that a hospital usually resembles a kind of a virtual team, where team members are baffled across different physical locations but need to maintain continuous intrapersonal transactionhips. At our hospital, office conferences were used as the actor of synchronous communication between different hospital departments.Voice conferencing was chosen as the communic ation tool, which did not distract employees from their direct functions, but could be used to ensure that all of them understood the hospitals strategic goals. Emails and written documentation were used to enhance the quality of virtual communication with employees and between employees and the senior hospitals management. Unfortunately, technology could not resolve all directing issues very often, employees needed face-to-face consultations to imbed credibility of their organizational efforts. However, with time contribution conferences have substantially changed the quality of employee relations at workplace, providing management with an effective real-time tool for directing and motivating medical personnel.ControllingControlling is the last out of four functions of management, which includes establishing work standards which are of course based on the companys objectives (Buzzle, 2008). In case of the hospital, controlling was used to evaluate employee surgical operation by means of several automated performance appraisal systems in the workplace. As a result of technologies implementation, the time allowed for the closedown of performance evaluation forms was dramatically decreased the hospitals management was given an opportunity to manage workflows and to track the get along of the performance evaluation process.Although the majority of medical personnel needed time to chance on additional technical skills, the system has importantly improven the quality of all business processes within the controlling area. Technology has proved to be an excellent tool of underdeveloped cohesive relationships between employees, as well as between employees and the senior management, and has finally created a technologically enhanced management environment across all hospital departments.ConclusionThe use of reliable technological solutions is the key to developing and implementing an effective management system in a highly confused hospital setting. With the use of budgeting solutions, automated organizing techniques, voice conferences and performance appraisal strategies, a hospital is likely to revoke into a technologically advanced, and as a result, a highly organized system of employee interrelationships, which in turn substantially improve the quality of medical services delivered by the hospital to all groups of patients.ReferencesBuzzle. (2008). Management concepts the four functions of management. Buzzle.com.Retrieved January 16, 2009 from http//www.buzzle.com/articles/management-concepts-the-four-functions-of-management.htmlKeegan, A.J. & Baldwin, B. (1992). EIS a better way to view hospital trends executiveinformation systems. health care Financial Management. Retrieved January 16, 2009 from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3257/is_n11_v46/ai_14176789/pg_3?tag=artBodycol1