Perception of Philippine Politics Based on News Program

Perception of Philippine Politics Based on News Program Submitted by: Alba, Emmanuel Evan Cabildo, Angeli Mercado, Aizel Kristel Pagdato, Gladys Rodenas, Zaira May Varona, Nicodemus Zaragosa, Roselle Submitted on: March 3, 2010 Chapter I: Introduction BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Perception and Media In 2008, Millennium Challenge Corporation’s (MCC) corruption test gave the Philippines a failing grade in the area of â€Å"control of corruption† (North America News Bureau, 2008).The country failed the test of two indicators for not spending enough for health and primary education. But the present administration claimed they were judged based on perception alone. Perception can make or break people and institutions (Powers, 2007). People†¦show more content†¦But how does media constructs the news from the reality is questionable in the first place. Media as a national broadsheets, radio and television stations are owned by big corporations. Some of them have contracts from the government, and they own an entire array of interests. These situations may largely affect their service. But we should ask on what the medias position on the government. Majority of TV stations position themselves as oppositions to the government. Possibly as a result of ineffective implementation of government policies against corruption and justice, people have entrusted to the media the power as its confidante in these issues. Also surveys have shown that Filipinos regard the media as a credible institution. Given numerous accounts of media acting as a hero every time they expose issues with courage even under conditions of restrictions. But media is still in challenge with a government that claims they are victims of false perception. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Media must serve their purpose as the publics eyes and ears. Media should serve as a watchdog to make institutions accountable. But do Philippine media play a role in good governance? Sensational practices or positivism and legitimacy? The study focuses on the influence of news program on its audiences perception regarding Philippine politics. This concentrates on the media as a powerful actor that has the ability to filterShow MoreRelatedPolitical Turncoatism9214 Words   |  37 PagesIntroduction To be a party to an organization is to be identified to that organization and renunciation of the other party. However, in the Philippine case politicians freely and gracefully shift from one party to another, the other changed his mind and do the same. Party- switching had been a common scenario in the Philippine politics. Its occurrence is usually at election times or at times when there is a need to resolve a certain conflict involving a political issue or question and during timesRead MoreEffectiveness the Implementation of Peace and Order Ordinance at Barangayn7685 Words   |  31 Pagesthe Philippines. 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And Then There Were None Free Essays

Vera Calculator: Loved a man named Hugo Hog’s nephew was the boy she watched Since the boy was a boy, Hugo lost all the inheritance money and therefore could not marry Vera Cyril desperately wanted to swim out to the rock in the ocean Vera knew he was too weak to Vera told him he could swim out there knowing full well that he would drown The family did not suspect her of killing him, but Hugo knew in his heart that she did so he left her What Vera didn’t know was that Hugo loved Cyril Dry. Armstrong: Operated on a lady while he was drunk The sister (nurse) was aware of this but did not tell on him The lady died This memory haunts him Philip Lombard: Not a good leader He left 21 men to die Captain should die with his ship He was a coward for leaving them Intro important pillars Of society. This is how we live our lives Every doctor takes a Hippocratic oath which is an oath to practice medicine ethically and honestly. We will write a custom essay sample on And Then There Were None or any similar topic only for you Order Now Vera Swam in easy practiced strokes after him knowing only to surely she wouldn’t be in time He was forbidden to swim out far- his parents forbid him to do this He wants to swim out there- Cyril said this He wasn’t strong-very said this. It doesn’t say why A small puny child no stamina-Vera said this.. T doesn’t sys why The kind of child that perhaps wouldn’t live to grow up. Vera says this. Because Hess weak and has no stamina Cyril thought he could swim out to the rock-he says this because he believes he can Vera responded saying she knows he can-she says this because she wants him dead Vera deltoid she would talk to his mom on the beach tomorrow and when she looks up he will be there on the rock waving to her-she trying to encourage him to swim to the rock because she knows he wont make it and he could swim out to the rock tomorrow-Vera says this because she planned a way to kill him in a way that no one will foreknow she did it Cyril told stories-Vera said that he was a liar and always made up stories. She said this because if he somehow made it to the rock then he would say Vera said he could, but since he made up stories no one wildebeest him she pretended to swim out after him-Vera recalls this before she kills herself from the guilt. She wanted him dead so she could marry Hugo Armstrong Operated while drunk Simple job if he wasn’t drunk The sister knew Luckily there’s loyalty in his profession so she didn’t tell â€Å"Dry. Armstrong now. Well-known man. Had a consulting-room in Harley Street. Absolutely straight and aboveboard in his profession. Haven’t been able to trace any record of an illegal operation or anything of that kind. It’s true that there was a woman called Clues who was operated on by him way back in 1925 at Loiterer, when he was attached to the hospital there. Peritonitis and she died on the operating table. Maybe he wasn’t very skilful over the pop-? after all he hadn’t much experience-? but after all clumsiness isn’t a criminal offence. There was certainly no motive. Christie, Ghats (2009-03-17). And Then There were None (P. 242). Harper Collins, Inc.. Kindle Edition. After marathon dies hashes as nightmare recalling the operating room Lombard Left 21 men to die Claims it was a matter of self-preservation They were lost in the bush Him and a couple others took what food was there and left Said self-preservation is a man’s first duty Intro: explain your moral code east guilty: dry. Armstrong He had no motive Don’t know He killed one person He knew what he did was wrong Middle man: Vera She didn’t necessarily know he would die. She just hoped he would. Most guilty: Lombard When you accept the position of captain you are accepting to do whatever you have to to make sure your men survive. Even if it means you wont survive. How to cite And Then There Were None, Papers

Gold Rush Paper Essay Example For Students

Gold Rush Paper Essay One moment the California creek beds glimmered withgold; the next, the same creeks ran red with the blood ofmen and women defending their claims or ceding their bagsof gold dust to bandits. The West was a ruthless territoryduring the nineteenth century. With more than enough golddust to go around early in the Gold Rush, crime was rare,but as the stakes rose and the easily panned gold dwindled,robbery and murder became a part of life on the frontier. The West consisted of outlaws, gunfighters, lawmen,whores, and vigilantes. There are many stories on how theWest begun and what persuaded people to come andexplore the new frontier, but here, today, we are going toinvestigate those stories and seek to find what is fact orwhat is fiction. These stories will send you galloping throughthe tumultuous California territory of the mid-nineteenthcentury, where disputes were settled with six shooters andthe lines of justice were in a continuous chaos. Wheres the West How and where did the West begin? This is the questionthat is asked most often and there is never a straight-forward answer. Everyone has their own opinion on thesubject: Oh, it started sometime in the nineteenth century,or The west is really just considered to be Oklahoma,Texas, and Kansas. Whatever happened to Californiaactually being considered the West? With all honesty,even into the twentieth century, California is not thought ofas being the West, or the West in the manner i n whichOklahoma, Kansas and Texas are thought of. Cowboys,horses, and cattle are only considered to be in the centralstates, but what about California? To give a straight-forward answer on where and how the Real West oreven the Wild West began; it began by a millhouseworker named James Marshall. On the morning of January24, 1848, Marshall was working on his mill and lookeddown in the water and saw a sparkling dust floating alongthe creek bed (Erdoes 116). Assuming it was gold, he toldhis fellow workers what he had found and they begansearching for the mysterious metallic dust as well. Fourdays later Marshall rode down to Sutters Fort, in what isnow Sacramento, and showed John Sutter what he hadfound. They weighed and tested the metal and becameconvinced that it was indeed gold. John Sutter wanted tokeep the discovery secret, but that was going to beimpossible. The rumor flew and Sutters mill workers,which were Mormon, caught wind of it and begansearching for their own fortune. Short ly after they fled, theytoo found gold. The site in which they found their fortunesbecame known as Mormon Island, the first mining camp tobe established after the discovery of gold at Marshalls mill(Erdoes 119). From that moment on, the west began toboom in population and prosper in every direction. First BloodGold fever caught on in a hurry, and this attracted manydifferent people to the new frontier. Dreams of gold andsuccess sparkled in the eyes of every cotton picker, farmer,and blue- collar worker west of the Mississippi. Once thefever spread across the nation and throughout theterritories, bloodshed was going to be inevitable. Greedtakes a toll on the mind of many and convinces people todo things that arent even logical. People become veryprotective of their property and are willing to do anything toprotect it, even defend it to their death. The violence musthave started somewhere and at sometime oversomething. But when? On the night of October 1, 1848,eight months after James Marshalls discovery, several menwere sleeping in James Marshalls sawmill, originally ownedby John Sutter (Erdoes 137). Peter Raymond beganbanging on the door of the mill. Raymond, a twenty- oneyear old sailor from Dublin, Ireland, was drunk and irritatedfor not striking his fortune as fast as he planned. Raymondstaggered in demanding more liquor from the nowawakened men. John Von Pfister, arose and as aprecaution shoved his knife into his waistband. Von Pfistermanaged to quiet the drunken sailor down and set himdown on a bench to rest. Von Pfister leans over and saysRest now my friend and well be laughing about this in themorning (Brown 13). Raymond sticks one hand out for ashake and with his other he strips Von Pfister of his knifeand buries the blade into his heart. It is ironic that the firstmurder in the Gold Rush, the first of many that wouldfollow, took place at the .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca , .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca .postImageUrl , .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca , .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca:hover , .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca:visited , .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca:active { border:0!important; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca:active , .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udfa845f0304ce6bce1ffe8028a325dca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Procrastination Essay

The Application of the Principle of Utilitarianism in Explaining the Death Penalty

Introduction Death penalty is a way of punishing people found guilty of committing capital offences. There are few countries that apply this form of punishment. The methods used to punish offenders are controversial in several jurisdictions depending on the nation’s cultural and political ideologies. There are people who support this form of punishment. On the contrary, other people strongly oppose capital punishment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Application of the Principle of Utilitarianism in Explaining the Death Penalty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper discusses death penalty from the point of view of utilitarian principles. These principles suggest that the form of punishment has the ability to deter similar crimes. It also suggests that capital punishment is suitable for wrong doings that involve taking away the life of others. The opponents of death penalty believe that the punishm ent is too harsh and infringes upon human rights. They also believe that it lacks the ability to deter future crimes. Utilitarianism is a moral theory, which posits that â€Å"the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility† (Dreeben-Irimia 292). The theory supports consequences of actions without scrutinizing methods for implementing the actions. The theory was widely promoted by John Stuart Mill who suggested that initiatives were evaluated based on their consequences. The theory considers the pursuit of contentment and ensuring that people are happy with decisions. The theory promotes three claims including the consequentiality, happiness, and objectivity claim. The theory suggests that punishing people is equal to treating them badly and is a sign of mischief. From the outlook, it would appear that utilitarian’s may contest capital punishment because it creates unhappiness. However, the theory supports a form of punishment w hen the level of suffering is so high that it is beneficial to society. The theory posits that a punishment that makes the society can only emanate from intense suffering. Evidently, a form of punishment that generates more happiness in society is justifiable under the utilitarian theory. The theory supports capital punishment on the basis of deterrence. When punishment is instilled in potential wrongdoers, they cannot commit crimes because they understand the type of punishment they will go through. The theory also supports incapacitation where people who have committed capital crimes can never have the opportunity to repeat such wrongdoings.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, capital punishment takes away wrongdoers from the streets and eliminates the danger to the public. The form of punishment also provides people and families of victims with the proof that justice will be se rved. The relatives of people killed by criminals gain comfort and fulfillment because they know the offender has received equal punishment. As opposed to this, the opponents of the application of utilitarianism theory in retribution argue that this form of punishment has minimal effect on containing related crimes. The opponents have noted that states where people receive capital punishment continue to record high numbers of capital offences. Furthermore, the form of punishment is final and takes away life and this makes it inappropriate in cases where suspected wrongdoers are wrongfully convicted. Conclusion In summary, utilitarianism supports the retribution only on the grounds that there will be increased safety within a society. The theory believes that. The principle promotes the objective of happiness even when the consequences of actions leading to that entail making other people suffer. The supporters of the theory and its application are convinced that deterrence and incap acitation make people happy. On the other hand, opponents of utilitarianism argue that proponents have failed to provide proof that the form of punishment minimizes future offences. Works Cited Dreeben-Irimia, Olga.  Patient Education in Rehabilitation. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2010. Print. This essay on The Application of the Principle of Utilitarianism in Explaining the Death Penalty was written and submitted by user Nia P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Egyptian vs. Greek Mythology essays

Egyptian vs. Greek Mythology essays To some extent, mythology is only the most ancient history and biography. So far from being false or fabulous in the common sense, it contains only enduring and essential truth, the I and you, the here and there, the now and then, being omitted. Either time or rare wisdom writes it. Every culture has evolved its own mythology, defining its character and offering a way to understand the world. Myths of every culture reveal the power of love, with it, its accompanying jealousy and anxiety; the conflict between generations, the old and new, the mischief of the trouble makers and the underlying diversity and stability of human nature. Although their gods sprang forth from diverse and distinctive cultures, the Greek and Egyptian Pantheons share many similarities and differences between one another. The oldest Greek myths can be traced to three main sources: Homer, Hesiod and The Homeric Hymns, these works date back circa 800 B.C., implying that by the time they were recorded, these works had already endured 400 years of embellishments, subtractions and alterations, to become what we now call authentic. The Greek myths are our portal into the distant past, a view of the world that existed not only in the mind of Greek poets, but in the hearts of the unassuming and tolerant inhabitants of ancient Greece. The ancient Egyptians as well had a complex belief containing many deities and personified aspects of nature. Ancient Egypt has always held a certain fascination and has ignited the imaginations of archaeologists as well as ordinary people. Their civilization lasted almost without change for more than 3,000 years. Their greatness began around 4,500 B.C. From early in their history, both the Greek and the Egyptians believed in the concept of life after death. Both Egyptian mythology and Greek mythology have a father-creator god, a trickster god, and a ...

A Note on the Arts and Crafts Schools of Germany

A Note on the Arts and Crafts Schools of Germany Essay Tive and therefore charming small canvas by D. W. Try on, â€Å"Evening—Septem ber†; J. Francis Murphy shows a small work delightfully interpretative entitled â€Å"Showery Day†; J. Alden Weir is seen at his best in Autumn,† and William Lathrop in â€Å"A Stretch of Salt Marsh land.† Emil Carlsen’s â€Å"Wood Interior† has decorative quality aside from pro nounced beauty both of theme and treat ment; Charles H. Davis’s â€Å"Summer in the Hills† combines classical spirit with modern spontaneity. Among the painters of winter, the interpreters of sunlit frosty air—Schofield, Redfield and Gard ner Symons—are as usual to the fore. Daniel Garber’s prize winning picture shows, not only admirable transcription of the subtleties of light and air, but feeling for design and a fine sense of color. Leonard Ochtman, Willard Met calf, Ben Foster, Bolton Jones and Hobart Nichols send notable canvases. That subject is of less importance than treatment is manifested by two paint ings, one of a â€Å"Sow and Pigs† in a barn yard by Horatio Walker, the other of â€Å"Porpoise† leaping through a wave, by Clifford W. Ashley—each individual in treatment but equally engaging in effect. Excellent examples of still life paint ing are shown. Chase sends another brilliant painting of fish, which almost straightway upon the opening of the ex hibition found a purchaser; H. R. Riten berg, Alice Worthington Ball, Hugh Breckenridge, Carl Schmitt and Aline Solomons each contributes a study which helps to uplift the average of merit. Following the custom of past seasons the Corcoran Gallery has made purchases from this exhibition for its permanent collection acquiring the following seven works before the doors were open to the public: â€Å"My Daughter† by F. W. Ben son, â€Å"Incoming Tide† by R. N.Brooke, â€Å"Woods in Winter† by John F. Carlson, â€Å"Late Autumn Moonrise† by Ben Foster, â€Å"Cape Porpoise† by Chauncey F. Ryder and Autumn† by J. Alden Weir. NOTE ON THE ARTS AND CRAFTS SCHOOLS OF GERMANY Casual American who wanders JL into a room labeled â€Å"Kunst-Gewerbe Schule† in one of the many German in dustrial exhibitions, looks with idle if ad miring eye at the cases of jewelry, etch ings and embroidery, vainly tries to puzzle out the signs on the wall refer ring to â€Å"Metal Arbeit,† â€Å"Druckerei† and Sticherei,† and passes on ignorant of the fact that he has seen the results of one of the most remarkable elements of the complex German school system. The details of this system differ in each of the several cities of Germany, but in the main the plan is the same. It is one which endeavors to select by searching examination young, ambitious and talented artisans, and to train them under instructors of the highest grades of artistic knowledge and technical skill. The time given to this training varies, though it is rarely less than four years, and in some cases is prolonged for six or seven. The candidates come from a variety of sources, many of them from the Craft or Gewcrbe schools, estab lished to train the lads that have al ready had some artistic foundation in schools for â€Å"Lchrling† as apprentices. The Lchrling† schools give a little drawing with the elements of a general education to the apprentice who has left the â€Å"Folk† school at fourteen. The Gewerbc† or Craft school gives much more in the way of artistic workman- ship and practical skill, but it is re served for the â€Å"Kunst-Gcwcrbc† school to take the pick of the young people, those with the keenest artistic sense and ability, and train t hem to produce work of the highest technical order and excel lence. Numbers do not count in these schools—one rarely finds an attendance of more than two hundred or so in the day school and perhaps as many more in special and evening classes, while the faculties are large, often twenty-five to thirty professors and assistants giving lessons at different times throughout the week. READ: 16th Century Northern Europe I: Germany and FrancePractically every good sized German city has one of these Arts and Crafts schools. Many, naturally, are in build- ings which date back a number of years, but the ambition of every director is to have a new building, and those who have realized this aim see their respective schools housed in beautiful structures, complete with modern conveniences. But though many of the older schools are in buildings lacking some of the things their heads desire, it must not be understood that they arc ill-equipped. On the con trary, the studios and work-shops often represent an investment of many thou sands of dollars, which the state aims to draw interest on, through an increasing demand for the work of German design ers, reproduced in a multitude of busy German factories. A composite picture, one which shall aim to show at a glance just what a â€Å"Kunst-Gewerbe† school is like, is of necessity difficult to draw. Like all composites it will not be true of any one school, though generally faithful to the type. What follows, however, is an at tempt in this direction. See then a big building with central covered court filled with cases of stu dents’ work, a permanent exhibition of the art product of the school. Ranged round will be the studios—great rooms, with huge studio windows and studio chairs, model stands, and racks for drawing boards. The rooms for cast drawing and for modeling will have the walls hung deep with plaster casts, while in the adjacent halls will be scores more of all sizes from a small bust to a great group of some Greek master. There will be a library with some hundreds of books on art, and some thousands of plates, together with the current art magazines, German, English, French and Italian; then will come a dozen or so studios with equip ments of drawing tables of various kinds adapted to the needs of the students of life drawing, mechanical drawing, still life painting, design, architectural draw ing and so on. Each of the class studios will have adjoining it the Professors studio—a good size room, with fine light and all the properties† accumulated by a teacher, active in the pursuit of his spe cial subject out of class hours. Another range of studios has yet to be visited—the â€Å"work-rooms,† a half dozen in all, of good size and proportion, each elaborately equipped for some special branch of work, metal, ceramic, textile, decorative painting, sculpture, lithogra- phy, book-binding, and the like. (Each school differs in regard to these special practical courses.) Again we will find case after case filled with models and again the professor’s studio. If we are invited into the latter we shall sec beau tiful examples of the handicraft of this accomplished teacher. And the students? Naturally the greater number arc found in the studios where arc taught the fundamentals. In the earlier years of the course the rooms will be full of men and women, drawing from cast or life, painting still life or working out ingenious problems in light and shade, or beautiful pattern. The work is always more or less individual, and at times half a dozen different tech niques will be employed by as many separate students. This is a striking characteristic of these classes. The pro fessor must know many techniques, and in turn is expected to have his stu dents learn to work from the model in many different ways and with different media: charcoal, crayon, pencil, watcr color, oils, gouache, pen and ink, tem pera. Few things are more impressive to the visitor than to see an advanced class in drawing or design, making charming illustrations in a great variety of different forms and handlings. All go on together, though, as one of the teachers remarked, The students cannot all do all—but they learn from one an other. In the work-shops things are as busy, but not nearly so crowded. There one finds half a dozen or a dozen students, advanced pupils thoroughly grounded in line, form and pattern, working quietly at individual problems. If it is a metal working room one will be developing the elements of a jeweled brooch, another preparing an enameled box, a third drawing up a silver beaker which is to be embossed,—a piece of work requiring infinite skill and patience. The master will now say a word to one, now to an other, here a bit of help will be given, now a hint with a smart sting of criti cism. READ: Nazi Germany EssayThe work must be right†Ã¢â‚¬â€ nothing hurried or shabby will pass for an instant. If these things need a week, take a week†Ã¢â‚¬â€what is a week in four years’ training for mastership! So also we shall find affairs in other shop-studios. In the textile room we may see beautiful pieces of embroidery or perhaps a table-cover of charming color and design; in the pottery room, vases of fine shape and line, jars of quaint conceit of form and color—of course made and fired in the school kiln. The professor of the printing arts will show us etchings, dry prints, mezzotints, and lithographs made by his little group of experts, and the professor of sculp ture will exhibit a half dozen projects all in development, or may, as in Vien na, take us out into the public garden back of the school and show the decora tions in â€Å"Calk-Stone made by his pupils. Perchance, we may come to one room where only a couple of students are at work and w onder whether a course so scantily patronized is considered a suc cess. There we should make the easy error of estimating success in numbers, rather than in fine craftsmanship. A word to the director will set us right. Ah, this course, yes. We have few students with the right talent, but as long as we have one we must have the course. That one may mean much for our art in the years to come. Here is the seed idea of the German Arts-Crafts school. It is a school for the cultivation of the highest taste and skill in the highest type of worker, that worker and state may enjoy the fruits of this deter mined scheme to raise the artistic value of the products of German industry â€Å"yes—that one may mean much for our art in the years to come.† THE COLLEGE ART ASSOCIATION The infant among college societies is the College Art Association, which drew its first breath in Cincinnati last May, developed forthwith a good consti tution and was ready for active work December 27th and 28th, in Pittsburgh. The object of the Association is to pro mote art interests in all divisions of American colleges and universities.† This makes the organization militant rather than reflective, concerned perhaps more with teaching than with research. It is inclined to take for granted its own in terest in things artistic, and to bend its endeavor to arousing a similar interest in others. This is fairly apparent from the na ture of the program presented at Pitts.

Discuss the relationship between the design of religious architecture Essay

Discuss the relationship between the design of religious architecture and the interests and requirements of the religious tradit - Essay Example This paper will provide more insight into this analogy through discussing four historical religious architectures: the Altar of Zeus, Egyptian pyramids, Suleymaniye Mosque and St. Peter’s Basilica. The Altar of Zeus was created by ancient Greeks, Egyptian pyramids were erected by ancient Egyptians, Suleymaniye Mosque was developed by Muslims and St. Peter’s Basilica was designed by Romans. The Altar of Zeus provides a good Hellenistic Greek sculpture example, which was built between 166 and 156 BCE. The altar is crafted with art and sculpture, which depicts narrations. The Gigantochamy frieze, which adorns the base of the altar, has at least 100 distinct panels that show combats between gods and giants. Here, one connects with the Greek legend where Zaas decided to abandon Gaia’s after the new gods (led by Zeus and in support by Zaas) defeated the old gods (led by Cronus). The East Frieze sculpture, on the other hand, constitutes significant Olympic gods such as Hecate, Artemis, Zeus, Athena and Ares. In the same way, the north, south and west frieze sculptures continue with sculptural and relief narrations of various Greek gods.1 The altar, also known as the Altar of Pergamon, stands at 115 feet in width and 110 feet in depth. The altar was accessible through a stairway, from the west, which led up to a roofed hall extending to the front and sides of the altar. This altar is very important to the people, who regard it highly and it’s highly respected. It has been in existence for quite a long time and many people have high regard for the altar. Due to this fact, the altar of Pergamon is well preserved and taken care of. Ancient Egyptian pyramids held similar themes in architectural designs. The pyramids were erected on the west bank of the River Nile. This was in accordance with Egypt’s religious doctrine which stated that the dead should rest where the sun sets.2 In addition, most pyramids were covered with limestone, which was meant to give them a shiny appearance from a distance. Despite the fact that the pyramids were designed as tombstones for prominent persons such as kings and queens, they were embalmed with religious material. Outstandingly, the pyramids were meant to purify bodies in wait for the afterlife. Within the pyramids were sculptures, paintings and carvings, which portrayed spirituality. In addition, there were illustrations upon the tomb walls, also known as the Book of the Dead, which were meant to guide the deceased in their atonement of sins in preparation for the afterlife. The pyramids also consisted of airways and tunnels, which served to prevent decomposition. The Suleymaniye Mosque was named after Sultan Suleyman who requested it to be built after the Sehzade Mosque was not deemed as satisfactory. Sinan had built the Sehzade Mosque to commemorate the death of Prince Mehmed who had died of smallpox. The Suleymaniye Mosque was completed in 1557 and was of remarkable interior spa ce, height and intricate detail.3 The mosque consisted of four lengthy and thin minarets and a dome, which had a height of over 50 meters. Surrounding the mosque was a kulliye comprising of public baths, schools for teaching Quran, Hadith and primary school children, library, soup kitchen and a hospital. The public baths were situated near the entrance of the mosque since Muslims would take off their shoes before

North Country Movie Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

North Country Movie Review - Essay Example It is evident from the study that the film North Country strives in every manner to be compelling at providing evidence on how injustice toward the working class of women has suppressed the rights of the latter to abide by a normal and decent mode of living worthy of general respect. Here is a situation that calls in desperation to acquire a saving act of grace in a society wickedly governed and dominated by male counterparts. Clearly, it is an issue no one in the right sound mind could afford being quiet about as it gravely insults dignity which every woman deserves to keep and be esteemed with. Women, for the most part, have played a very significant role of rearing family at providing an atmosphere, moral support, and needs in aspects other than physical which are very crucial for the modest living of every family member. A woman who is grieved by inhumane treatment would obviously be deprived of this capacity in reality so that as a consequence, she gets filled with anxiety and b ecomes unable to carry out functions intended to serve her community well. If this goes on, we may highly expect a worse impact upon the people within the woman’s direct influence especially the children once she is overcome by fear and mismanagement of tasks thereafter unless this woman expresses courage at reversing her fate so that, just like how Josey attempted to battle her way out of suppression in the iron mines, by the strength of character and profound level of confidence oppression by men may come to subsidence.

Economics 247 Assignment 2 Version A Essay Example for Free

Economics 247 Assignment 2 Version A Essay Economics 247 Assignment 2 Version A This assignment has a maximum total of 100 marks and is worth 10% of your total grade for this course. You should complete it after completing your course work for Units 6 through 10. Answer each question clearly and concisely. 1. In perfect competition, one result of the model was that there were no economic profits in the long run. In a monopoly, the firm typically earns a positive economic profit. Why is there this difference? The lack of barriers to entry will allow competitors to enter the market unil economic profit is zero. These firms are price takers, and they cannot affect prices because their demand curve is horizontal.(4 marks) 2. Assume that a single firm in a pure competitive industry has a fixed cost of $6500 and variable costs as indicated in the table below. a. Calculate the TC, AFC, AVC, ATC, and MC columns for this firm. (5 marks) Total Output TVC TC AFC AVC ATC MC 00 0 600 70,000 1000 76000 1400 81000 1800 87000 2200 90000 2600 93000 2800 96000 3000 100000 3100 110000 b. Explain the concepts of economies and diseconomies of scale, and describe the underlying reasons why both occur. (4 marks) 3. At its current level of production, a profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market receives $12.50 for each unit it produces, and it faces an average total cost of $10. At the market price of $12.50 per unit, the firms marginal cost curve crosses the marginal revenue curve at an output level of 1000 units. What is the firms current profit? What is likely to occur in this market and why?(4 marks) P=12.5 TR=P*Q = 12.5 * 1000 = 12500 TC=ATC*Q = 10 * 1000 = 10000 Profit=TR-TC = 12500 10000 = +2500 Profit is positive, but for perfectly competitive markets there will be no profits at all in the long-run, so in this markets new firms will enter  market attracted by profits thus increasing market supply and reducing equilibrium price till it reaches close to P=$10, consequently leading to zero economic profits in long-run. For lower price this firm will be pressed to reduce output a bit for new P=MR=MC equilibrium. 4. a.Why would a firm in a perfectly competitive market always choose to set its price equal to the current market price? If a firm set its price below the current market price, what effect would this have on the market? (4 marks) The assumptions of perfect competition that matter here are that in perfect competition 1 every firm is so small compared to the market so as to have no effect on market price 2 everyone is aware of everybodys price. Now if you set a price lower than the market, you are only cutting your nose to spite your face since you would sell as much as a higher price. (Remember, how much you produce is determined by your MC and the output level you produce at is the minimum MC). Cutting the price to sell more also costs more to produce; you are worse off. If you set a price higher than market, noone will buy from you. Explain how a firm in a competitive market identifies the profit-maximizing level of production. When should the firm raise production, and when should the firm lower production? In a perfectly competitive market, all firms are assumed to be very small compared to the market. Now the price is set at the market level, and as a small firm you take it as given; you couldnt sell at a higher price since nobody would buy from you. Now in the long run, you should be at the minimum point of your cost curve, ensuring you make just normal profits. The price is your MR and at the minimum point of your AC curve your MC cuts it: MC=MR and AC=AR. If the market price is higher than this, new entrants will sniff the opportunity created by super normal profits and the market supply curve shifts right/up, reducing price until there are no more super ormal profits  to be earned. If market price is lower, then firms are making losses, some exit and supply curve shifts left driving price up. In equilibrium, each firm is producing at the minmum point of the AC, where MC=MR=P. Hence the firm temporarily raises production when Pmin AC and makes supernormal profits until new entrants drive price back down; or lowers production temporarily when P

Macbeth Character Flaw :: essays research papers

Brian Bozarth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bozarth 1 Mrs. Thurmond English IV – 6 February 22, 2001 Macbeth’s Tragic Flaw   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every one has a character flaw. Some are more serious than others. For instance, some people pick their nose, while others drink milk directly from the carton. After a while a person’s character flaws will come back to haunt them. Shakespeare is a master at pointing out one’s character flaws and showing how those flaw bring down that person or society in general. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth he does just that. Macbeth is a tragic hero whose character flaws are ambition and avarice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play opens with Macbeth, a popular noble who quells a military coup against the King of Scotland by a Scottish nobleman, Macdonwald. This is looked at by other nobles as and honorable deed. The King then gives Macbeth the late Macdonwald’s former title. In this instance ambition is a good thing: but alls to week for brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name (I ii 16). The king even said â€Å"O valiant cousin! Worthy gentleman†(I ii 24). His ambition was use to do a good thing, but if you stop to think; would any of this happened had he not killed Macdonwald.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the next scene we see the witches doing things that witches like to do. Then enters Macbeth with Banquo. They spot the witches and Banquo insults them. The witches turn to Macbeth and tell him he will be king: All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter (I iii 50). That single line is what sparks Maspeth’s evil ambition. This is the also the point when Macbeth start to turn evil. The witches also tell Macbeth he will become Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth replies to all this: to be king stands not within the prospect of belief (I iii 75). At this point Macbeth is skeptical, but then Ross tells him he is thane of Cawdor. Macbeth starts to believe he can become king. He is now successor to the throne of Scotland.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since Macbeth is heir to the throne of Scotland, all he has to do is get rid of King Duncan. In scene IV Duncan names his son the Prince of Cumberland. Macbeth is outraged:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On which I must fall down, or else o’erlap,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Let not light se my black and deep desires:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be

Playing Beatie Bow Essay

Kirk was a happy young girl who was cheery and enthusiastic towards her parents and life, until the day her father went off with another woman leaving her and her mother (Kathy). Lynette wanted nothing to do with her father so she changed her name to try and get everything about him out of her life. After wanting to be named after a witch she changed her name to Abigail, which her grandmother suggested. She went down to the park with her young next door neighbours Natalie and Vincent, finding them playing a game called, ‘Beatie Bow’. After becoming very interested in a little girl that stood there watching them play (Little Furry Girl) she decided to follow her. This was after having a fight with her mother, when she told Abigail that she had been seeing her father again and that he wanted the two of them to move back in with him and live in Norway where his architectural job was located. Abigail did not take this news well – She went for a walk to cool off, when she once again saw the little furry girl and following her found that she had followed her back into her own time of 1873. She got tripped over by the Little Furry Girl’s father, then found herself at their house. Further into the novel the character Granny (Alice Tallisker) told Abigail that she was ‘the stranger’ and had ‘the gift’. ‘The gift’ came from the crochet on the top of her dress which enabled her to travel and heal. Later in the book it mentions that the crochet was made by Granny. She falls in love with Judah, who was betrothed to Dovey, and realised firsthand what it’s like to love somebody but no be able to have them. This helped Abigail realise that she should not be selfish towards her parents and should let them have a second chance of a decent life and marriage. During the time that she was in the past Abigail matured by being influenced by the people that surrounded her, the world in which she lived and the events which occurred there.

Opening Scenes of Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night Essay

Throughout the beginning scenes of Twelfth Night Shakespeare uses dramatic comedy as a main way to create humour to the audience. The shock factor creates a comical atmosphere to the beginning of the play, and the form in which Shakespeare introduces the character’s expresses effectively each character’s over exaggerated personality creating dramatic comedy. As twelfth night is a comedy but is all about mistaken identity and love Shakespeare had to reveal the comedy in discreet ways to make the humour natural and the only way this could be produced was through dramatic forms creating the comedy through over exaggeration. Orsino’s introduction throughout Act 1, Scene 1 creates a comical effect at the beginning of the play through the hyperbole of his love for Olivia, his love is exaggerated from the beginning of the play and creates dramatic comedy for the audience as they recognise he is not in love with Olivia but is in fact in love with the feeling of being in love. The false view of love Orsino shows humours the audience as they realise he only cares for himself and not Olivia, throughout the scene he expresses how in love he is however he does not use Olivia’s name until line 20. The audience can see through this false view of love yet the audience can see Orsino does not recognise his false view of love which adds to the drama of the beginning of the play. Shakespeare uses the form of Orsino’s lengthy speech in this act to add a dramatic effect as it enhances the way in which Orsino’s character puts forward his personality and makes everything even more exaggerated. ‘If music be the food of love, play on;’ The play begins with a metaphor comparing music to food this helps to express Orsino’s feelings as when people are in Orsino’s situation they tend to indulge in food similarly to Orsino’s self-indulgent. Orsino’s self-indulgent is the main focus of Act 1, Scene 1 and creates a dr amatic effect to the very beginning of the play as the audience are humoured by the drama of Orsino’s character. This scene certainly shows dramatic comedy as the audience laugh at Orsino’s unawareness however they sympathise for Orsino as he gets rejected. Although the audience think that Orsino does not love Olivia they still feel sorry for him as he makes such a drama out of the situation and does not move on with his life because of it, however the audience also laugh at this as Orsino believes he is so in love he does not understand his own feelings. Act 1, Scene 2 shows the drama of Viola’s character which creates entertainment for the audience as Viola plans to  pretend to be a man. This is an unexpected event to be seen at the time which Shakespeare wrote the play and therefore added dramatic comedy to the beginning of the play. The audience were unable to empathize with Viola’s situation as it was overdramatic and therefore found it humorous. However Act 1, Scene 2 shows farcical comedy through Viola’s disguise rather than showing typical dramatic comedy. Viola is a major character which progresses the plot of the play and therefore although in this scene the audience begins to see the drama of her character they do not fully see the comedic value of her dramatic character as they do not understand the situation properly. Act 1, Scene 3 creates dramatic comedy through Sir Andrew’s stupidity, and the fact that he also want’s Olivia. This scene shows the drama of both utterly different people wanting Olivia and therefore introduces comedic factors, as Sir Andrew tells himself he is unable to woo Olivia he plans to leave however Sir Toby manages to ensure Sir Andrew stays in Illyria cleverly by informing him Olivia does not want anyone above her status, the hope from this situation creates dramatic comedy to the audience. Act 1, Scene 3 is mostly general comedy through mockery. ‘Good Mistress Mary Accost’ Andrew thinks Maria’s name is Mary Accost when in fact Accost means to woo her. Sir Toby mocks Sir Andrew for this however it does not show typical dramatic comedy as it is just exaggeration of Sir Andrew’s personality which makes the audience laugh. Dramatic irony throughout Act 1, Scene 4 is the focused point for the dramatic comedy produced. ‘And all is semblative but a woman’s parts’ the irony of this creates comedy to the audience through the drama of Viola’s character as Shakespeare purposely ensures the audience know Viola is a woman whereas Orsino is unaware of Viola’s secret. Scene 1, Act 5 once again shows the over exaggeration of Olivia’s character can cause humour towards the audience. ‘you will be hanged for being so long absent’ it is unlikely Olivia will sack Feste for being missing however the drama of this creates humour at the start of this act however when Olivia enters she has a joke with Feste. Viola also visits Olivia on behalf of Orsino and more dramatic irony is shown. ‘ I am not what I play’ these hints cause humour to the audience as the audience understand what the hints the characters do not even notice and then Olivia instantly clicks with Viola showing that Olivia is going to fall in love with Viola, this creates typical dramatic comedy throughout the opening scenes as it is  wrong of Olivia to like Viola as she is not what she seems and this adds to the drama of the play as the audience feel sorry for Olivia as she is not in the plan and therefore is being lied to. The opening scenes of Shakespeare’s twelfth night are typical of dramatic comedy as the audience find humour within the situations the characters of the play see as serious. The beginning of the play does not show ordinary comedy but instead only humours the audience through dramatic events which are not necessarily comical but the way in which they are shown to the audience make the audience laugh. However the opening scenes are mainly a way to introduce characters and therefore do not hold many events which show dramatic comedy and the scenes involve more farcical comedy and dramatic irony, the exaggeration of characters and events is the main humour behind the play. Comic confusion also is a major factor of the audiences humour at the beginning of the play as Viola dresses as a man this disguise causes misunderstanding for Orsino who thinks she is a man and as the play proceeds through the theme of love causes more confusion and continues this humour throughout the play. Therefore the opening scenes of twelfth night do not produce as much dramatic comedy as the rest of the play as it is an introduction to the further dramatic events however the opening scenes do hint at dramatic comedy.

The Roles of Science and Religion

The Roles of Science and Religion Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Science today is as much a natural product of history as any religious system.† The term ‘natural product of history’ is coined from the idea of beliefs, practices and objects being changed through time and inevitably, the process of creating these products, somehow or rather, tend to involve human activity. The effects and suggestions to the statement â€Å"Science today is as much a natural product of history as any religious system.†as related to the study of science and religion will be discussed further in this essay. The study of religion attempts to recognize the different aspects of religion through the use of intellectual disciplines. There are various reasons as to why a student chooses to study religion. Possible reasons could be the impact of religion upon global politics, the claim that religions convey truths by which human beings should live, to understand the influence of religion upon other disciplines of high historical values such as art and music, and could also be to find a religion in which to believe in. To be a good student of religion, one has to practice open-mindedness and learn to co-exist with another individual with a different religious belief. Putting own practices and assumptions aside, a good student of religion detaches himself from his own religion and is able to typify religions like how objects are typified. In short, the way to study religion is to be an outsider. In the study by Eileen Barker on Transcendental Meditation, or TM as it is widely known, Barker, an expert on new religious movements, took an approach as an outsider and discussed on the status of TM. Analyzing the practices and beliefs of TM compared to common religions such as Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam, Barker felt that TM is not a religion, but a religious movement. Of course, to provide such a definition or rather explanation as to whether a discipline is a religion or otherwise, careful analysis has to be made. To aid such analysis, students of religions made use of different methodologies in identifying a religion from another. A student could use definitions of religions in his analysis of a religion. There are two types of definitions which a scholar can use to distinguish the characteristics of religions – Functional and Substantive Definitions. While using substantive definition is found to be narrow, many scholars favor using functional definition. A functional definition concentrates not on what religion is but on what these beliefs and practices do for the individual or social group. One approach to functional definition would be using Ninian Smart’s 7-dimensional model of religion. Smart’s model is found to be flexible and is designed to be specific. It studies religion from an objective point of view. However, in any study models, there are sure to have weaknesses. Therefore, it is essential for a scholar to be practical and explicit in their search for evidence. A dimensional model of religion, on its own, is probably insufficient. A better approach to define religions would then be using both functional and substantive definitions and models in combination. The history of man has shown the constant influences of religion, and so the study of religion, involving the effort to recognize its significance, its origins, and its countless forms, has become progressively more important in this modern time. Scientific discoveries and systems began to challenge religious beliefs. Known scientists like Galileo and Newton all played considerable roles in challenging the standard views at their time. While science is based on observation, religion makes point of view analytical in nature and requires some unquestioned faith. In spite of leading human through somewhat different course, both try to uncover the basic. Thus, the goal, in both cases, is to establish the elements of what shape the reality. Science is always based on evidence, trial-and-error, about observation and investigations, while religion is neither. Science is governed by natural laws and understandable in mathematical and physical terms. Many people trust the information science offers rather than religion because the facts that science offers seem to be more trustworthy. No matter how true these facts are, one still has to go back to the initial point before making any judgements. Let us now return to the underlying principles that govern the study of science and religion. The two principles, namely naturalism and symmetry are highly observed by historians of science. In the case study of Christian dogma in Baur and the Tubingen School, the approach to the analysis is considered symmetrical. This refers to the knowledge and claims on all sides that is explained symmetrically, without respect to who was or is now though to be right or wrong. On the other hand, the approach to naturalism is to treat religious or scientific ideas with natural explanations rather than supernatural. An example would be the products of ordinary historical causes and effects. This is more likely to be used by outsiders of religions. Just as the study of religion has their method to help students understand its process and history, Science historians too adopt their own methodologies. The two-track method and contextualist method both have their own strengths. Whichever methods one choose to use, the important things to ensure are there should not be any personal involvements in beliefs and one has to objective in his/her understanding the boundaries between science and religion. Both science and religion have parts to play in the creation of the universe but they just convey themselves in different forms. Neither science nor religion is an infallible method to move towards the nature of reality but when working together they can provide both a question and an answer, just in different ways. (1000 words) Research Papers on The Roles of Science and ReligionCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on Children

The Case Against Affirmative Action Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Case Against Affirmative Action - Term Paper Example However, according to many critics, such rules are not needed in today’s society and due to the rules certain issues are mandatory to be created. One such instance regarding the particular minority rules was seen in the Supreme Court some years ago. It involved the issue of admission in the University of Michigan. The regulations of that university were following the point system in which the possible applicants got rated. For a minority group, the points score got doubled to become a perfect SAT score (Fryer, 2005, p.147). As a result, three white students submitted a lawsuit on the basis of race discrimination. According to the regulators of university, we desired diversity and by applying affirmative action we can avail the real diversity. Affirmative action makes the discrimination opposite (Herring, 2012, p.630). The main reason for devising the rules under affirmative action is to prevent discrimination and biased action of the co workers, employees and students on the b asis of color but on the contrary to this, the rules produce the opposite results. White people who are in majority and work really hard to achieve the position have to follow strict regulations because they are majority. Opposite to many set stereotyping, most of the minorities lies under the middle or upper level of the society and white people having poor life style. Undoubtedly, as the set standards for the minorities has made the down trodden white majority students who believe in discipline and constant efforts will not preferred over the wealthy minority students, who lack the traits of hard work and efforts. The standard for accountability diminishes due to affirmative action, which is essential for the students and workers to give best performance. In case if a student belongs to a minority group gets admission in Harvard at 3.2 GPA then the aim of getting 4.0 GPA will not be there. Though, there are people that can motivate themselves to achieve better results however, the re are few that require a constant push from others to do so. If the standards of admission and employment will become lower, the level of accountability also gets lowered. It is important to consider harwork, achievement and discipline as the rewardful acts and a student lacking all these basic aspects should not be getting equal or preferential treatment over other students. Certain students that are preferred on such basis are most commonly ill-equipped to manage the conditions and regulations of university or school of admission. Consider the situation when a minor baseball player preferred to be the captain of a major team and when a science project participant is opted for a rocket science task in NASA. The possibility to get success in both cases is very minimum however; in both situations the individual will feel ill-educated for the needed effort. Similarly, in Harvard and Yale universities, the standard of GPA and SAT is much higher and cannot be achieved by everyone. But it is due to the affirmative action, minority individuals with less GPA and SAT score get the chance to become the part of it. The affirmative action will cause a color blind society. when an individual apply for a job for an admission in school, there is no reason to ask the skin color, height or eye color as the only parameter to judge

Walden by Henry Thoreau. What Ann Dillard and Henry Thoreau has in Essay

Walden by Henry Thoreau. What Ann Dillard and Henry Thoreau has in similarities - Essay Example The book is a work of the author’s self-discovery, the discovery of individuality and the discovery of the right path to lead a life of peace and satisfaction. The author harps on how human being wastes their labor on â€Å"excessive toil† (Thoreau) but fails to acquire the â€Å"true integrity† (Thoreau). Taking a cue from the work of Henry Thoreau and inspired by the author, the book, Pilgrim at Tinker Creek by Annie Dillard revolves around the Dillard’s life about how she spent her life in the Tinker Creek of Virginia. Dillard spends her days in the lap of nature by walking through the woods, watching the cows, ducks, frogs, and observing the praying mantis pod which is evident when she talks about her spending time by sitting â€Å"on a fallen trunk in the shade and watch the squirrels in the sun† (Dillard, 6). She spends her life amidst the nature, â€Å"A couple of summers ago I was walking along the edge of the island to see what I could see in the water, and mainly to scare frogs† (Dillard, 7). The writing reveals her alternate revelation of the natural beauty and the philosophical muse. Through the book the author makes an attempt to explore the true characteristics of nature that surrounds the living world. The author pens down her thoughts as she observes the harmony of nature at the eponymous Tinker Creek during her stay at the place. The book is a work of chronicle, science, anthropology, myths, and way of life, divinity, and environmentalism. The book reveals the existence of the mixture of sublime character and a horrific character in the Nature. (Dillard) However despite the similar themes in the works, there are some differences in their approaches. Walden is a work of Henry Thoreau that mainly revolves around his stay at the woods by the side of the Walden Pond, where he went for the quest of self discovery, as he feels that human beings spent their time in â€Å"mere ignorance and mistakes† (Th oreau). On the contrary Anna Dillard’s stay in the forest has been mainly to understand the true character of the Mother Nature and discern her natural world. It is a book that navigates between the paradox of celebrating and mourning, â€Å"I used to have a cat, an old fighting tom, who would jump through the open window by my bed in the middle of the night and land on my chest†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Some nights he kneaded my bare chest with his front paws, powerfully, arching his back, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ And some mornings I’d wake in daylight to find my body covered with paw prints in blood; I looked as though I’d been painted with roses.† (Dillard, 3) Dillard’s writing explores between the true nature of the red stains- was it the bloodstain or the roses painted. She makes an effort to know the answer of whether nature is that harmonious and unified system that operates according to the principles of co-dependence and compassion or it is the force, which is h ardhearted and unthinking and has an eerie mystery and obscurity in it. (Dillard) Thoreau’s book is more about renouncing the worldly pleasures an idea of â€Å"get away from all† whereas, Dillard’s stay is more about finding the true aspect of Nature and to discover the mysticism in it. While Walden reveals that Thoreau was not living the life of a hermit, which is evident from the chapter â€Å"Visitors† when he says â€Å"I have had twenty five or thirty souls with their bodies, at once under my roof†, Dillard’s writing reveals that there was no connection with the community. Thoreau withdrew from the community to lead a life, which is prophetically outside the society, but the writing of Dillard reveals the escapist nature of the author when she says, â€Å"I shy away from the arts, from the emotional human stew†¦and I drive myself deeper and deeper into exile from my own kind.†

I wanna you to ready that and answer those two question. I dont want Case Study

I wanna you to ready that and answer those two question. I dont want you to ready from anywhere else just ready the article that I am going to send to you - Case Study Example Such materials become considered inappropriate for use in joints. Mechanical characteristics – these materials must exhibit characteristics which enhance the functioning of the particular component which they are used to make. Tensile strength of materials, for example, remains an important characteristic for materials used in making the femoral stem of the artificial joint. The mechanical characteristics are the main causes of failures commonly observed in these joints. Material density and reproducibility – this are an essential element of concern because of the need to make repairs to artificial joints that might be damaged. The prosthetic quality of the material must remain consistent in order to make repairing easy, should damage to the joint occur. Magnetism – when seeking to establish an appropriate material for artificial hip replacement materials it is important to consider the magnetism of the materials. Material utilized for this function should not exhibit any ferromagnetic behaviors (Gibbons, 33). This is mainly because of the requirements to use MRI spectroscopy to study the joint in future. Magnetic materials make this spectroscopy method inapplicable. Toxicity – artificial materials sometimes produce toxic substances which could affect the body parts. The reaction of some materials with the body parts commonly results in the generation of toxic substances which harm the body parts next to the artificial implant. Femoral stem – the femoral stem fits into the femur bone. There is need to make considerations of the corrosion characteristics of the materials which are utilized in the manufacturing of the femoral stem. Cobalt chromium and titanium are the major alloy components for the material which is utilized for making this component. This alloy remains highly resistant to corrosion and fatigue which results from increased use of the

Disclosure and Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Disclosure and Financial Reporting - Essay Example It also helps the other market players to decide on mergers and acquisitions. Through disclosure of financial statements, the companies also endorse the financial information that has been sent to their regulating authorities like Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). It is important to understand the key issues that affect the financial decisions of managers in disclosures and financial reporting. In this essay, the changes in regulations and standards that have improved the method of financial reporting and disclosure and the subsequent impacts on a company in terms of future cost, risk exposure and profits are being discussed. Several laws have been enacted and acts have been passed in different countries with the objective of making financial reporting and its disclosures more reliable and trustworthy. The objective of addressing the key issues is to ensure and protect the interest of the stakeholders and investors. One such act that addressed these issues is Sarbanes-Oxley A ct. It was first implemented for companies listed in NYSE and has now been spread all over the world. Sarbanes-Oxley Act has redefined and changed the ways of Corporate Governance of companies leading to efficient and transparent operations (Ambler, Massaro and  Stewart, 2005, p.38). ... Many investors had previously complained about the relevance and volume of financial information in their disclosures and were also unhappy of finding useful information in the disclosure and financial reporting by companies. In the above context, SOX was enacted in order to make it mandatory for companies to certify accuracy and relevance of the financial information disclosed by them. Non-adherence to SOX Act also earned penalties for the companies. The enactment of SOX has empowered the external auditors and has increased the role of oversight for the concerned Board of Directors. The change in role of the Board of directors has redefined corporate governance by making it stricter than earlier. Through efficient corporate governance, the companies were able to deal with the new system of laws and regulations and maintain healthy relationships with their stakeholders (Rao, 2000, p.42). The continuous monitoring of the board of directors helped in eliminating the misdeeds or misappr opriations in the part of corporate officers. As a result of these changes in regulation, the following key issues were addressed. Proper system of accounting and financial reporting was put in place which enabled disclosure of only and only relevant information to the stakeholders of the company. Secondly, flexible requirements were put in place for the companies to report relevant information for some specific circumstances. Thirdly, a judgment panel or framework was instituted to decide which information is pertinent with respect to specific situation faced by the companies. Fourthly, suitable techniques were adopted in order to make information more user-friendly and easy to find for the readers.

Marketing Analysis Of Singapore Airlines

Marketing Analysis Of Singapore Airlines The airline industry is one of the fast growing industries in the world irrespective of its criticism. The genesis of aviation in 1909 was by the Wright brothers who flew their first successful flight in Kitty Hawk. Due to the risk involved, numbers of people did not consider travelling by air not until the 1900s. Another breakthrough was that of Charles Lindbergh who flew and completed a journey across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927. The United States postal service as well contributed to the aviation/airline growth. Kelly Airmail Act allowed transport mails from one destination to another in 1925. There was a major issue with increase in air collision which brought about an Act by the Federal Aviation Administration in 1958. Another discouraging issue was the increase in the price of fuel in the 1970s. During the early 1980s there another deregulation was introduced which brought about mergers of large carriers and growth of smaller ones. In the early 1990s, peoples confidence returned and there was an increase in the number of passengers due to price cut and cities served by airline were increased.   Singapore Airline Singapore airline along with its subsidiaries is basically engaged in passenger and cargo air transportation, engineering services, airport terminal services; they are also involved in training their staffs, tour wholesaling and other activities. Singapore airline operates in the Eastern part of Asia with about 30,088 staffs as on March 31, 2008 according to market research. The revenue recorded by the company was $15,975.5 million during the financial year ended march 2008 which yield an increase of 10.2% compared to 2007. The operating profit of the company was $2,124.5 million in 20008 with a decrease of 3.8% compared to 2007. http://www.marketresearch.com/product/display INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES MISSION STATEMENT: In some organization just like Singapore airline, the vision and objectives and the master plan in order to achieve all achievable is referred to as innovative strategic plan. Innovative strategic planning is a management process which simply can be identified as taking inputs and transforming it as output. The input can be defined as information which is understood by the organization, its environment and its management. The transformation of the information is referred to as the innovative strategic planning and lastly, the output is the defined innovation. According to the mission statement of Singapore airline, it addresses the organizations basic goal i.e. the kind of business they are into. The purpose of the organization was clearly defined and stated which comprises of the potential activities the company is engaged in. The mission statement of Singapore airline is to provide air transportation services of the highest quality and to maximise returns for the benefit of its shareholders and employers. Pillay, J. (1989) Nature of innovation of Singapore airline Clarity and commitment: the quality services to customers are clearly stated and it is companys fundamental objective and aspiration which has made them provide a world-class customer service due to their commitment. Continuous training: in order to meet up with customer needs and challenges, Singapore airline set up training centres for their staffs thereby offering a wide range of educational programs. Career development: there is every opportunity to learn and grow in the company, senior managers are allowed to develop as well Internal communication: Singapore airline employed people from different cultural background to work together in achieving the goal and objectives of the company. In order to maintain good and healthy communication. Singapore airline published departmental newsletters and magazines whereby creating regular dialog between management and staffs. Consistent external communications: when there is a new development in the company and needs to be advertised, the Singapore airline girls are always featured which is the brand identity of the company Connection with customers: several medium is being employed to communicate and carry customers along such as in-flight surveys, reply to compliments and complaints received, sending messages to flyers of offers and privileges which includes additional baggage allowance, priority seating and more. Benchmarking: keeping an open eye for improvement and new ways or strategic means of satisfying customers by following the steps of banks, hotels and retail outlets growth. Improvement, investment innovation: Singapore airline came about a different way of doing things by introducing free drinks and headsets, fax machines on board, individual video screens and telephones in every seat, leading edge gaming and in-flight entertainment. Rewards and recognition: Excellent staffs are being rewarded for their performance and selfless acts of service. Professionalism, pride and profits: Singapore airline has been able to achieve a remarkable result due to staff commitment to the airline and to customers. The airlines reputation is being protected by the staffs as well. Chan, D. (2000) Wirtz, J., Johnston, R. (2003) SNAP SHOT OF SINGAPORE AIRLINE http://s3files.core77.com/blog/images/sa3803.jpg From www.google.com/singaporeairlineimages Comfort ability FIRST HAND DATA Through the means of email and telephone interview, I was able to collect the following first hand data directly from the public affairs department in Singapore from the 5th to the 9th of September 2009. Question 1: Since its establishment, Singapore Airlines has earned a reputation as an innovative market leader, combining quality products with excellent service. In brevity, please explain the history of Singapore airline since its early days from 1947 till date? Answer: A Brief History The Early Days Singapore Airlines history can be traced back to 1st May 1947, when a Malayan Airways Limited (MAL) Airspeed Consul took off from Singapore Kallang Airport on the first of three scheduled flights a week to Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh and Penang. Over the next five years, larger capacity DC-3 aircraft were introduced. This meant faster and more comfortable flights, and the extension of services further afield to destinations in Indonesia, Vietnam, Burma (now Myanmar), North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. Inflight refreshments improved from the original thermos flask of iced water to sandwiches, biscuits and cold cuts plus a choice of hot and cold drinks, and alcoholic beverages served by a lone hostess. Known as female pursers, these hostesses are the forerunners of todays Singapore Girl. The 1950s 1960s More new aircraft were added to the fleet in the 1950s and 1960s, the period leading up to the jet age. Among these were the DC-4 Skymaster, Vickers Viscount, Lockheed Super Constellation, Bristol Britannia, Comet IV and Fokker F27. On 16 September 1963, the Federation of Malaysia was born and the Airline became known as Malaysian Airways Limited. In May 1966, it became Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (MSA). In 1968, for the first time, annual revenue hit S$100 million. The sarong kebaya uniform for air hostesses, designed by French couturier Pierre Balmain, was introduced and three B707s were added to the fleet. The Airlines Boeing age began in 1969 with the purchase of five B737-100s. The 1970s The 1970s got underway with a bang: on 2nd June 1971, MSAs first transcontinental flight took off for London. In 1972, MSA split up to become two new entities Singapore Airlines and Malaysian Airline System (MAS). The rest of the decade was devoted to growth and consolidation of the newly-established Singapore Airlines. The fleet was expanded to include B747s, B727s and DC10s. To provide more efficient ground services at Paya Lebar Airport, a subsidiary company, Singapore Airport Terminal Services (SATS) was set up. A B747 hangar and airfreight terminal was opened in 1977. The 1980s The move to the new Singapore Changi Airport from Paya Lebar on 1st July 1981 was a big event. Two years later, Airline House, Singapore Airlines corporate headquarters in the Changi Airfreight Centre, was officially opened. The first Singapore Airlines A300 Superbus went into service in February 1981 and the first B747-300 in May 1983. The first B757 and the first A310-200 arrived in November 1984. In 1989, Singapore Airlines became the first airline to operate a B747-400 on a commercial flight across the Pacific. Tradewinds, a Singapore Airlines subsidiary, became Singapores second airline in February 1989. It has since been renamed SilkAir and has an established network of 29 destinations in the region. The 1990s Singapore Airlines commenced operations from the new Terminal 2 at Singapore Changi Airport on 22 November 1990, with the arrival of SQ23 from Amsterdam. In September 1998, Singapore Airlines set new standards in air travel by unveiling a new suite of product and services worth S$500 million across all three classes of travel, offering customers enhanced standards of service on the ground and new levels of comfort, cuisine and entertainment in the air. In 1999, Singapore Airlines launched KrisFlyer, its first proprietary frequent flyer programme, which allows First, Business and Economy Class customers to earn mileage credits. The 2000s In February 2004, Singapore Airlines inaugurated its first Airbus 340-500 by setting a record for operating the worlds longest non-stop commercial flight from Singapore to Los Angeles. The Airline bettered the record barely half a year later, in July 2004, when it launched the non-stop Singapore to New York (Newark) flight. Singapore Airlines currently operates 77 Boeing 777s, consisting of 12 B777-300s, 19 B777-300ERs , 31 B777-200s and 15 B777-200ERs. In October 2006, Singapore Airlines launched a comprehensive suite of new generation cabin products comprising the worlds widest First and Business Class full-flat seat products, a new Economy Class seat, and the next generation of KrisWorld inflight entertainment system. On 15 October 2007, Singapore Airlines took delivery of the worlds first A380 at the Airbus Headquarters in Toulouse. Singapore Airlines was the first airline to operate out of Changi Airport Terminal 3 in January 2008. The Airline currently operates out of both the new terminal and Terminal 2. In May 2008, Singapore Airlines created history again by being the first carrier to operate an all-Business Class service between Asia and the USA with its launch of all-Business class non-stop flights from Singapore to New York (Newark). Three months later, in August 2008, the Airline introduced this all-Business Class non-stop service to Los Angeles. On 21 January 2009, Singapore Airlines received the first of 19 new A330-300 aircraft in Toulouse, France. The aircraft is configured in a two class layout, with 30 new Business Class seats, and 255 Economy Class seats. The planes currently serve the regional and medium-haul routes between Singapore and cities in Australia (Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth) and Japan (Nagoya). The Airline will commence daily A330-300 services to Osaka in early 2010. Public Affairs Department Singapore Airlines Ltd (2009) Question 2: What are your innovative strategies in terms of your products and services? Answer: Product and Service Excellence Excellence in customer service has been integral to Singapore Airlines success. Superb in-flight service is the cornerstone of its reputation for customer service and hospitality. Singapore Airlines has also developed a reputation as an industry trendsetter. The list of industry-leading innovations by Singapore Airlines includes: First to offer free headsets, a choice of meals and free drinks in Economy Class, in the 1970s First to fly non-stop from London to Singapore in 1984, and the first to fly non-stop from Singapore to London in 1989 First to fly non-stop across the Pacific between Hong Kong and San Francisco in 1989 First to introduce satellite-based in-flight telephones in 1991 First to introduce KrisWorld, a state-of-the-art inflight entertainment and communications system across all three classes in 1995 First to involve a comprehensive panel of world-renowned chefs, the International Culinary Panel, in developing inflight meals in 1998 First to bring high quality theatre-style surround sound to inflight movie viewing in all three classes with Dolby Technologies in 1999 First to offer audio and video on demand (AVOD) capabilities on KrisWorld in all classes in October 2001 First to operate the worlds longest non-stop commercial flight between Singapore and Los Angeles in February 2004 on the A340-500, and then surpassing the record (in terms of distance) later that year with the non-stop service to New York (Newark) in June 2004 First to introduce the Berlitz ® World Traveler interactive language learning programme on all A340-500 aircraft in July 2004 First in the world to launch the next generation KrisWorld inflight entertainment system on Panasonic Avionics Corporations eX2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ platform in October 2006 First to fly the A380 from Singapore to Sydney on 25 October 2007. Public Affairs Department Singapore Airlines Ltd (2009). Question 3: Globally, what impact has the company made so far in respect to innovative ideas? Answer: Global Network The Singapore Airlines route network extends across 98 destinations in 40 countries, including those served by Singapore Airlines Cargo and the regional airline subsidiary, SilkAir. On 1st April 2000, Singapore Airlines joined the Star Alliance network as part of its globalization strategy and continual commitment to offer its customers improved services and benefits, including seamless air travel worldwide. Modern Fleet Singapore Airlines fleet today comprises A380-800s, A340-500s, A330-300s, B747-400s, B777-300s, B777-300ERs, B777-200s and B777-200ERs. It is the result of a series of large orders made in the 1990s, as part of an ambitious fleet renewal and expansion strategy. The orders included a US$10.3 billion order for 22 B747-400s and 30 A340-300s in 1994, a US$12.7 billion order for 77 B777s in 1995 and a US$2.2 billion order for 10 A340-500s in 1998. Singapore Airlines reinforced its commitment to fleet upgrading and expansion by placing a series of orders for a range of new generation aircraft in recent years, including: 25 Airbus A380-800 (10 in fleet, 9 on firm order and 6 on option) 40 Airbus A350 XWB-900 (20 firm and 20 on option) 40 Boeing 787-9 (20 firm and 20 on purchase rights) 19 Boeing 777-300 Extended Range (all in fleet) Singapore Airlines became the first in the world to take delivery and fly the super-jumbo A380-800 aircraft in October 2007. Singapore Airlines has one of the youngest fleets of any major airline, with an average age of 6 years and one month as at 1 September 2009. Singapore Airlines Cargo, a wholly-owned subsidiary, operates a fleet of 12 B747-400 Freighters. SilkAir, also a wholly-owned subsidiary, operates a fleet of 16 aircraft, including ten Airbus A320-200s and six Airbus A319-100s. Public Affairs Department Singapore Airlines Ltd (2009). Question 4: Without leaving out the financial aspect of it, what were your innovative ideas in terms of management of funds? Answer: Financial Strength Prudent management has helped Singapore Airlines maintain a healthy financial position and return a profit in every year of its operation. For the financial year ended 31 March 2009, the Singapore Airlines Group recorded an operating profit of S$1,062 million. Public Affairs Department Singapore Airlines Ltd (2009) Question 5: How many subsidiaries does the company have and how has it helped with the growth of the company? Answer: Subsidiaries The Singapore Airlines Group has over 20 subsidiaries, covering a range of airline-related services from cargo to engine overhaul. The philosophy of investing in overseas joint ventures is the driving force behind Singapore Airlines development into a global group of aviation-related companies. The Singapore Airlines Group will continue to invest in related businesses, rather than seek to diversify outside of the aviation industry. Public Affairs Department Singapore Airlines Ltd (2009) Question6: How many staffs do you have at present? Answer: Human Resource The Singapore Airlines Groups staff strength as at 31 August 2009 was 29, 965 of which 14,054 were employed by the Airline. Public Affairs Department Singapore Airlines Ltd (2009) Question 7: In what other areas have you made impact? Answer: Corporate Citizenship Singapore Airlines recognizes the importance of building strong relationships, not only with its customers and business partners, but also with the many communities it serves. Through corporate donations, sponsorships and other forms of support, Singapore Airlines provides backing to a wide range of community groups including charities, educational institutions, and arts and sports events. Issued by Public Affairs Department Singapore Airlines Ltd to John Odewole.5th-9th September 2009) Information systems The main kinds of information systems that brings about innovation are as follows; Executive support system Management information system Decision support system Knowledge management system Transaction processing system Office automation system Operational level system An operational level system is managed by the operational managers to support them by keeping the track of elementary activities and transactions of the organisation by the use of transaction processing system. The flow of transaction is tracked at this level such as sales, receipts, cash, deposits, payroll, credit decision and flow of materials. Major function of this level includes sales management, scheduling, budgeting and personnel records. Training and development is one of the tools responsible to the success of SIA, therefore new ideas are needed to enhance this. Operational level involves sales and marketing, manufacturing, finance which is the backbone of the company, accounting and human resources. All these should be carried out accurately and effectively for proper running of the company. For the company to function well, a basic routine of transaction necessary must be carried out. At this level, the goals of the company, task, and recourses are predefined and structured intelligently. Beardwell, I., Holden, L. Claydon, T Knowledge level system The knowledge level is to help the organisation in discovering, organising, and to integrate new and existing knowledge in to the business. Controlling the flow of paper work should be employed in this level as well. A classical planning system in terms of models of problem solving should be carried out properly and accurately. A high level of information system design is needed at this level. In the knowledge level, a biometric system can be employed in order to monitor the staffs attendance and for security purpose. This system would reduce the level of insecurity and intruders or unauthorised access into the company. The use of SAP (system Anwendungen und produkte) can be employed in Singapore airline to manage the system at the operational level. SAP is system software used to manage the system database. Its efficiency and accuracy make it outstanding among other system software. Management level system The purpose of management level is to monitor and control, decision making, and administrative activities by middle managers. The management level is the decision support system unit where management information system should be used to carry out sales management, inventory control, annual budgeting and relocation analysis. is4 (By Lachlan Mackinnin and Phil Trinder) The management should be able to analyse regional sales, schedule production in such a way that time and cost of production will be will be managed by telling the production facility what to make with which staff, and on which equipment. This is done by using production scheduling tools. An inventory control system can be used, which is integrated package of software and hardware used in controlling the companys stock. The management level of SIA should be able to analyse cost quantitatively in order to decide whether to follow a course of action or not. In terms of pricing or profitability, the management should be able to conduct a proper profitability analysis in order to provide invaluable evidence concerning the earning potential of the company. Innovative system This level is being managed by senior managers to tackle and address strategic issues and long term trends. Senior managers do not only tackle issues within the organisation, they look into the external environment as well. The senior managers major concern is how to match the capability of the organisation with challenges, changes and opportunities externally. Executive support system is used at the strategic level by senior managers to carry out sales trend forecasting, operating plan, budget forecasting and manpower planning. is7 Inter-relationship between IS types (by Lachlan Mackinnin and Phil Trinder) Using information systems to facilitate customer relations of Singapore airline Information systems can be used to facilitate customer relations through the following means or medium: Functional support role To record and store customer market data, customer profiles, customer purchase history, marketing research data, and other useful marketing records. Marketing records are used for advertising, marketing plans and sales activities. Helps to record competitors activities data, industry data, intelligence data and strategic market records. In implementing, controlling, monitoring plans, strategies, tactics, new products and new business models as well as new customers. Decision support role Decision making is determined by asking what if Questions such as: what if we decrease the price of flight 5% will that increase our sales? What if we increase it by 2% will it decrease or increase sales? Or rather discourage customers, what if we decrease by 2% then increase by 3%? And so on. Strategic support role Core competence: sustainable competitive advantage which gives the company (SIA) long term advantage in the market place. Piloting the chain of internal values which helps to reduce costs and manage performance Rapid speed of change in information and technology helps in competitive aspect which serves as an advantage to the company. Performance monitoring role Help to establish relevant and measurable objectives Helps in monitoring results and performance Helps to send or to alert managers at each levels of the organisation. Benefits of a good customer relation management A good customer relation management helps to provide an excellent customer service in such a way that customers are satisfied and retained. Examples of this is providing a rapid response to queries, fast delivery, providing solutions to customer needs/ meeting customer needs and warm customer service that cannot be found elsewhere. Using customer information to optimise/ prioritize products/ goods and services and design as well as marketing strategy. Knowing your customers and then focusing on them in terms of provision of services. Building a long term relationship with the customers and conducting interaction with customer in order to know more about their needs. Reasons for CRM To be able to compete at a higher level with other competitors Unequivocal of customer economic retention With the help of technology, Singapore airline will be able to do so effectively and profitably. By doing the above, Singapore airline will definitely acquire and retain as much customers as possible and possibly enhance profits for the company. Ethical issues The principle of right and wrong: Ethical issue is concerned the choices that people make. Ethical issue can be classified under two categories such as: The fundamental morality of behaviour: this type of issue, as well known as deontologist refers to the basic and unarguable instances of right and wrong. Therefore this medium must not be used to mislead or differentiate. The consequences of behaviour: known as teleological, this refers to social effect of behaviour. The ethical issues Singapore airline might be encountering are: The innovative strategies used by corporate employees to maximise their frequent fliers benefits such as games which can be stored by frequent fliers. Breach in individual right Inconsistence in code of conduct of the company Unlawful distribution or exposition of customer details The consequences of this action on the society References Beardwell, I., Holden, L. Claydon, T. (2004) Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach 4th edition, FT Prentice Hall, London UK. Chan, D. (2000) The story of Singapore Airlines and the Singapore Girl, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 19. David, M. Smeeding T. (1985) Introduction, in David, M. Smeeding, T. (eds) Horizontal Equity, Uncertainty, and Economic Well-Being, National Bureau of Economic Research, Studies in Income and Wealth, Vol. 50. Hoovers (2006) Singapore Airlines Limited, available from: . 5th September 2009. Jacques, C. (1962) Objective Measures for Pay Differentials, Harvard Business Review, January-February Pillay, J. (1989) Singapore Airlines (A), USA, Harvard Business School Press. Thompson, A., Gamble, A.J. Strickland, J.E. (2005) Strategy, Winning in the Market Place 2nd International Edition, New York USA, McGraw Hill. Walker, K.W. (1992) Human Resource Strategy, McGraw-Hill, New York USA. Wirtz, J., Johnston, R. (2003), Singapore Airlines: what it takes to sustain service excellence a senior management perspective, Managing Service Quality, Vol. 13 No.1 http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=jCfkJUL8oV0Coi=fndpg=PA3dq=history+airline+industryots=5D_FKZw82lsig=P-yUX_IouBcLN8If4GZ_ci9RMtU#v=onepageq=history%20airline%20industryf=false 15th September 2009 http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1062338/history_of_the_airline_industry.html 15th September 2009 Public Affairs Department Singapore Airlines Ltd 5th-9th September 2009.